ArticleAutophagy2016
Inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion by ginsenoside Ro via the ESR2-NCF1-ROS pathway sensitizes esophageal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced cell death via the CHEK1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint.
Article in Autophagy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of TLR/NF-κB/NLRP Signaling by Bioactive Phytocompounds: A Promising Strategy to Augment Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Relationship between different modes of death and premature ovarian insufficiency: a literature review.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Targeting Lysosomes for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Immune Response.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Ginsenoside Ro alleviated cuproptosis induced by high oxalate via inhibiting zinc transporter ZnT1 in renal tubular epithelial cells.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- A Novel Autophagy InhibitorResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Targeting autophagy in dysfunctional tumor vasculature.iScience · 2025Review
- Article
- tRNA-derived fragment tRF-24 drives CELF1 phase separation to promote oncogenic splicing in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Review
- Ginsenosides as Potential Natural Ligands of SLC3A2: Computational Insights in Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a novel signature to predict the survival and affect the immune microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: epigenetic-related genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Targeting Lipid Metabolism in Cancer Stem Cells for Anticancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Natural products for enhancing the sensitivity or decreasing the adverse effects of anticancer drugs through regulating the redox balance.Chinese medicine · 2024Review
- WISP1 Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck Disease via the Autophagy Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- A novel lysosome-related gene signature coupled with gleason score for prognosis prediction in prostate cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Unraveling the Complexity of Regulated Cell Death in Esophageal Cancer: from Underlying Mechanisms to Targeted Therapeutics.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Anticancer therapeutic effect of ginsenosides through mediating reactive oxygen species.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-TNFα pathway.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Modulation of autophagy has been increasingly regarded as a promising cancer therapeutic approach. In this study, we screened several ginsenosides extracted from Panax ginseng and identified ginsenoside Ro (Ro) as a novel autophagy inhibitor. Ro blocked the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process by raising lysosomal pH and attenuating lysosomal cathepsin activity, resulting in the accumulation of the autophagosome marker MAP1LC3B/LC3B and SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) in various esophageal cancer cell lines. More detailed studies demonstrated that Ro activated ESR2 (estrogen receptor 2), which led to the activation of NCF1/p47(PHOX) (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, and subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment with siRNAs or inhibitors of the ESR2-NCF1-ROS axis, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), apocynin (ACN), Tiron, and Fulvestrant apparently decreased Ro-induced LC3B-II, GFP-LC3B puncta, and SQSTM1, indicating that ROS instigates autophagic flux inhibition triggered by Ro. More importantly, suppression of autophagy by Ro sensitized 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced cell death in chemoresistant esophageal cancer cells. 5-Fu induced prosurvival autophagy, and by inhibiting such autophagy, siRNAs against BECN1/beclin 1, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3B enhanced 5-Fu-induced autophagy-associated and apoptosis-independent cell death. We observed that Ro potentiates 5-Fu cytotoxicity via delaying CHEK1 (checkpoint kinase 1) degradation and downregulating DNA replication process, resulting in the delayed DNA repair and the accumulation of DNA damage. In summary, these data suggest that Ro is a novel autophagy inhibitor and could function as a potent anticancer agent in combination therapy to overcome chemoresistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.