ArticlePloS one2016
Decreased Anti-Tumor Cytotoxic Immunity among Microsatellite-Stable Colon Cancers from African Americans.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial disparities in colorectal cancer clinicopathological and molecular tumor characteristics: a systematic review.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Pooled it
- Self-identified African ancestry and pathomics-derived tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte scores in colon and rectal adenocarcinoma whole-slide images: an exploratory multicohort whole-slide image study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- THE JEREMIAH METZGER LECTURE: ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON COLORECTAL CANCER.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2024Article
- A Multi-Omics Overview of Colorectal Cancer to Address Mechanisms of Disease, Metastasis, Patient Disparities and Outcomes.Cancers · 2023Review
- sc-ImmuCC: hierarchical annotation for immune cell types in single-cell RNA-seq.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Commencing colorectal cancer screening at age 45 years in U.S. racial groups.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Master Transcription Regulators and Transcription Factors Regulate Immune-Associated Differences Between Patients of African and European Ancestry With Colorectal Cancer.Gastro hep advances · 2022Article
- Review
- Disparities in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Cells · 2021Review
- Differential immune signatures in the tumor microenvironment are associated with colon cancer racial disparities.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Preinvasive Colorectal Lesions of African Americans Display an Immunosuppressive Signature Compared to Caucasian Americans.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.Advances in cancer research · 2021Article
- Profiles of immune infiltration and its relevance to survival outcome in meningiomas.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- Immune-Related Gene Expression and Cytokine Secretion Is Reduced Among African American Colon Cancer Patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Causes of Socioeconomic Disparities in Colorectal Cancer and Intervention Framework and Strategies.Gastroenterology · 2020Review
- Co-morbid risk factors and NSAID use among white and black Americans that predicts overall survival from diagnosed colon cancer.PloS one · 2020Article
- Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Colorectal Cancer Survival in African American and Caucasian Patients.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2018Article
- Clinical and Genetic Factors to Inform Reducing Colorectal Cancer Disparitites in African Americans.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Review
- Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Coding and Noncoding RNA Differences in NSCLC from African Americans and European Americans.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Article
- Racial Disparity in Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk.Gastroenterology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in the U.S., with African-Americans having higher incidence and mortality rates than Caucasian-Americans. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes provide protection to patients with colon cancer while patients deficient in these responses have significantly worse prognosis. To determine if differences in cytotoxic immunity might play a role in racial disparities in colorectal cancer 258 microsatellite-stable colon tumors were examined for infiltrating immune biomarkers via immunohistochemistry. Descriptive summary statistics were calculated using two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum tests, while linear regression models with log-transformed data were used to assess differences in race and Pearson and Spearman correlations were used to correlate different biomarkers. The association between different biomarkers was also assessed using linear regression after adjusting for covariates. No significant differences were observed in CD8+ (p = 0.83), CD57+ (p = 0.55), and IL-17-expressing (p = 0.63) cell numbers within the tumor samples tested. When infiltration of granzyme B+ cells was analyzed, however, a significant difference was observed, with African Americans having lower infiltration of cells expressing this cytotoxic marker than Caucasians (p<0.01). Analysis of infiltrating granzyme B+ cells at the invasive borders of the tumor revealed an even greater difference by race (p<0.001). Taken together, the data presented suggest differences in anti-tumor immune cytotoxicity may be a contributing factor in the racial disparities observed in colorectal cancer.
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Registered trials
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