ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2016
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Throughout the Peri- and Postpartum Period: Results from the First Baby Study.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Low-dose S-Ketamine on Incidence of Postpartum Depression in Parturients With Prenatal Depression: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Effects of Low-dose S-ketamine on the Incidence of Postpartum Depression in Women With Prenatal Depression: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring Heterogeneity in perinatal depression: a comprehensive review.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventions on children's and mothers' sleep quality and maternal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Beyond single time points: prospective longitudinal maternal depression trajectories shape infant social behavior in the first year.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- State and trait late positive potential predict maternal mental health.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Can reporting mood swings during oral contraceptive use predict peripartum depression? Results from the Swedish longitudinal cohort study Mom2B.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Article
- Trajectories and dimensional phenotypes of depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy and postpartum in relation to prior premenstrual symptoms.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Article
- Trajectories of mothers' perinatal depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: The protective role of romantic relationship quality.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Are Children's Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviours at 5 Years Predicted by Maternal Perinatal Depression Trajectory Profiles?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Trajectories of depressive symptoms of mothers and fathers over 11 years.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Postpartum Depression and Timely Child Vaccination: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The relationship between fear of childbirth and prenatal depression in pregnant women during pregnancy: a cross-lagged analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Antidepressant adherence using group-based trajectory modeling among postpartum women with Texas Medicaid.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Prevalence and influencing factors of perinatal depression across different stages of pregnancy and postpartum: a cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mothers of Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress.Psychopathology · 2025Article
- Predicting first time depression onset in pregnancy: applying machine learning methods to patient-reported data.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Observational
- Timing of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms.Preventing chronic disease · 2023Article
- Comparison of placenta consumers' and non-consumers' postpartum depression screening results using EPDS in US community birth settings (n=6038): a propensity score analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Scoping Review of Racial and Ethnic Representation of Participants in Mental Health Research Conducted in the Perinatal Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2023Article
- The relationship between parental mental health, reflective functioning coparenting and social emotional development in 0-3 year old children.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of childbearing, but the course of PPD is not well understood. We analyze trajectories of depression and key risk factors associated with these trajectories in the peripartum and postpartum period.
methodsWomen in The First Baby Study, a cohort of 3006 women pregnant with their first baby, completed telephone surveys measuring depression during the mother's third trimester, and at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A semiparametric mixture model was used to estimate distinct group-based developmental trajectories of depression and determine whether trajectory group membership varied according to maternal characteristics.
resultsA total of 2802 (93%) of mothers completed interviews through 12 months. The mixture model indicated six distinct depression trajectories. A history of anxiety or depression, unattached marital status, and inadequate social support were significantly associated with higher odds of belonging to trajectory groups with greater depression. Most of the depression trajectories were stable or slightly decreased over time, but one depression trajectory, encompassing 1.7% of the mothers, showed women who were nondepressed at the third trimester, but became depressed at 6 months postpartum and were increasingly depressed at 12 months after birth.
conclusionsThis trajectory study indicates that women who are depressed during pregnancy tend to remain depressed during the first year postpartum or improve slightly, but an important minority of women become newly and increasingly depressed over the course of the first year after first childbirth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.