ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2016
Modeling Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Ground and Surface Water Sources in Rural India: Associations with Latrines, Livestock, Damaged Wells, and Rainfall Patterns.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Measurement in the study of human exposure to animal feces: A systematic review and audit.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Pooled it
- Exposure to Animal Feces and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Proposed Research Priorities.Environmental science & technology · 2017Pooled it
- Review
- Domesticated animal reservoirs ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- Addressing Fecal Contamination in Rural Kenyan Households: The Roles of Environmental Interventions and Animal Ownership.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Environmental Factors Associated withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Zoonotic enteric parasites in Mongolian people, animals, and the environment: Using One Health to address shared pathogens.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Anti-protozoal activity of Thymol and a Thymol ester against Cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Effect of Inter-Observer Variation on the Association between Contamination Hazards and the Microbiological Quality of Water Sources: A Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Systems Science Approaches for Global Environmental Health Research: Enhancing Intervention Design and Implementation for Household Air Pollution (HAP) and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Programs.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Cryptosporidium spp., prevalence, molecular characterisation and socio-demographic risk factors among immigrants in Qatar.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- A Faecal Contamination Index for interpreting heterogeneous diarrhoea impacts of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions and overall, regional and country estimates of community sanitation coverage with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2019Article
- Pathogens transmitted in animal feces in low- and middle-income countries.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2018Review
- Island-Wide Surveillance of Gastrointestinal Protozoan Infection on Fiji by Expanding Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission Assessment Surveys as an Access Platform.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Estimating Cryptosporidium and Giardia disease burdens for children drinking untreated groundwater in a rural population in India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Cryptosporidiosis in children in the Indian subcontinent.Tropical parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Surface and groundwater contamination with fecal pathogens is a public health concern especially in low-income settings where these sources are used untreated. We modeled observed Cryptosporidium and Giardia contamination in community ponds (n = 94; 79% contaminated), deep tubewells (DTWs) (n = 107; 17%), and shallow tubewells (STWs) (n = 96; 19%) during the 2012 and 2013 monsoon seasons (June-August) in 60 villages in Puri District, India to understand sources and processes of contamination. Detection of Cryptosporidium and/or Giardia in a tubewell was positively associated with damage to the well pad for DTWs, the amount of human loading into pour-flush latrine pits nearby (≤15 m) for STWs, and the village literacy rate (for Giardia in STWs). Pond concentration levels were positively associated with the number of people practicing open defecation within 50 m and the sheep population for Cryptosporidium, and with the village illiteracy rate for Giardia. Recent rainfall increased the risk of Cryptosporidium in STWs (an extreme event) and ponds (any), while increasing seasonal rainfall decreased the risk of Giardia in STWs and ponds. Full latrine coverage in this setting is expected to marginally reduce pond Cryptosporidium contamination (16%) while increasing local groundwater protozoal contamination (87-306%), with the largest increases predicted for Cryptosporidium in STWs.
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