Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27309620›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016

Three-Dimensional Segmentation and Quantitative Measurement of the Aqueous Outflow System of Intact Mouse Eyes Based on Spectral Two-Photon Microscopy Techniques.

Xianzeng Zhang, Nenrong Liu, Peng Un Mak, Sio Hang Pun, Mang I Vai, Omid Masihzadeh, Malik Y Kahook, Tim C Lei, David A Ammar

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Xianzeng ZhangDepartment of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States 2College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
Nenrong LiuDepartment of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States 3College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
Peng Un MakDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.
Sio Hang PunDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.
Mang I VaiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.
Omid MasihzadehState Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China.
Malik Y KahookState Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China.
Tim C LeiDepartment of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States.
David A AmmarState Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China.
University of Colorado Denver · USUniversity of Macau · MOCity University of Macau · MOFujian Normal University · CN

Funding

Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteUL1TR001082 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2013 to 2017
$48.0M
Imaging Transporter Protein Dynamics in Living CellsK25DK095232 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI LEI, TIM CHIFONG · 2012 to 2016
$788k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001082NIDDK NIH HHS K25 DK095232
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo visualize and quantify the three-dimensional (3D) spatial relationships of the structures of the aqueous outflow system (AOS) within intact enucleated mouse eyes using spectral two-photon microscopy (TPM) techniques.

methodsSpectral TPM, including two-photon autofluorescence (TPAF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG), were used to image the small structures of the AOS within the limbal region of freshly enucleated mouse eyes. Long infrared excitation wavelengths (930 nm) were used to reduce optical scattering and autofluorescent background. Image stacks were collected for 3D image rendering and structural segmentation. For anatomical reference, vascular perfusion with fluorescent-conjugated dextran (150 KDa) and trans-corneal perfusion with 0.1 μm fluorescent polystyrene beads were separately performed to identify the episcleral veins (EV) and the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC), respectively.

resultsThree-dimensional rendering and segmentation of spectral two-photon images revealed detailed structures of the AOS, including SC, collector channels (CC), and aqueous veins (AV). The collagen of the TM was detected proximal to SC. The long and short axes of the SC were 82.2 ± 22.2 μm and 6.7 ± 1.4 μm. The diameters of the CC averaged 25.6 ± 7.9 μm where they originated from the SC (ostia), enlarged to 34.1 ± 13.1 μm at the midpoint, and narrowed to 18.3 ± 4.8 μm at the junction of the AV. The diameter of the AV averaged 12.5 ± 3.4 μm.

conclusionsSpectral TPM can be used to reconstruct and measure the spatial relationships of both large and small AOS structures, which will allow for better understanding of distal aqueous outflow dynamics.

Indexed as

PhotonsAnimalsAqueous HumorFemaleImaging, Three-DimensionalIntraocular PressureMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicroscopyModels, AnimalReproducibility of ResultsTrabecular Meshwork

Identifiers

PMID27309620
PMCPMC4928697
OpenAlexW2426207181

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.