ReviewAnesthesia and analgesia2016
Mechanisms of the Immunological Effects of Volatile Anesthetics: A Review.
Review in Anesthesia and analgesia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Inhaled Volatile and IV Anesthetics on Biological Markers of Inflammation in Adult ICU and Thoracic Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care explorations · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of regional versus general anesthesia on recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight retrospective cohort studies.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Pooled it
- Anesthetic technique and cancer outcomes: a meta-analysis of total intravenous versus volatile anesthesia.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2019Pooled it
- Awake Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Pooled it
- Volatile versus propofol sedation after cardiac valve surgery: a single-center prospective randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Desflurane improves lung collapse more than propofol during one-lung ventilation and reduces operation time in lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane anesthesia on regulatory T cells in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation: a randomized intervention trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2020Trial
- The influence of dexmedetomidine and propofol on circulating cytokine levels in healthy subjects.BMC anesthesiology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Sedation as an Immunomodulator of Inflammatory Responses in the Lung-Brain Axis of ARDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Optimizing Donor Kidneys During Normothermic Machine Perfusion With Sevoflurane: Design of a Research Model.Artificial organs · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of nerve stimulator-guided brachial plexus block with laryngeal mask general anesthesia in pediatric upper limb surgery.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Costs and Arising Work Times of Volatile Short-Term Sedation in Intensive Care.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of inhalational agents in breast cancer surgery on tumour metastasis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Mechanism of isoflurane‑mediated breast cancer growthOncology letters · 2024Article
- [Influence of anesthesia on surgical site infections].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2024Review
- Ex Vivo Optimization of Donor Lungs with Inhaled Sevoflurane during Normothermic Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion (VITALISE): A Pilot and Feasibility Study in Sheep.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Impact of prognostic nutritional index change on prognosis after colorectal cancer surgery under propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: a comprehensive review of current therapies and future cardioprotective strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation and perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics (VAs) have been in clinical use for a very long time. Their mechanism of action is yet to be fully delineated, but multiple ion channels have been reported as targets for VAs (canonical VA targets). It is increasingly recognized that VAs also manifest effects outside the central nervous system, including on immune cells. However, the literature related to how VAs affect the behavior of immune cells is very limited, but it is of interest that some canonical VA targets are reportedly expressed in immune cells. Here, we review the current literature and describe canonical VA targets expressed in leukocytes and their known roles. In addition, we introduce adhesion molecules called β2 integrins as noncanonical VA targets in leukocytes. Finally, we propose a model for how VAs affect the function of neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells via concerted effects on multiple targets as examples.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.