Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27308306›Full record

ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2016

CSF herpes virus and autoantibody profiles in the evaluation of encephalitis.

Jenny J Linnoila, Matthew J Binnicker, Masoud Majed, Christopher J Klein, Andrew McKeon

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
11.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jenny J LinnoilaDepartments of Neurology (J.J.L., C.J.K., A.M.), and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.J.B., M.M., C.J.K., A.M.), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Matthew J BinnickerDepartments of Neurology (J.J.L., C.J.K., A.M.), and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.J.B., M.M., C.J.K., A.M.), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Masoud MajedDepartments of Neurology (J.J.L., C.J.K., A.M.), and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.J.B., M.M., C.J.K., A.M.), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Christopher J KleinDepartments of Neurology (J.J.L., C.J.K., A.M.), and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.J.B., M.M., C.J.K., A.M.), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Andrew McKeonDepartments of Neurology (J.J.L., C.J.K., A.M.), and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.J.B., M.M., C.J.K., A.M.), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo Clinic · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo report the frequency of coexisting herpes viruses (herpes simplex virus 1 [HSV-1] or HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], cytomegalovirus, or human herpes virus 6 [HHV-6]) and autoantibodies in patients with encephalitis (herpes or autoimmune) in clinical laboratory service.

methodsThree groups were evaluated for herpes viruses and antibodies: group 1-patients whose CSF was positive for a herpes virus by real-time PCR over a period of 6 months; group 2-patients whose CSF was positive for an autoimmune encephalitis-associated antibody over 5 years (e.g., NMDA receptor [NMDA-R] antibody), and the same number of controls without autoimmune/infectious disease; and group 3-incidental autoimmune parainfectious encephalitis cases encountered over 1 year.

resultsIn group 1, antibodies were detected in 27 of 100 herpes PCR-positive CSF specimens (CSFs), either unclassified neural or nonneural in all but one patient with NMDA-R antibody detected after EBV infection. Antibodies were also detected in 3 of 7 CSFs submitted for repeat PCR testing (unclassified, 2; AMPA receptor, 1). In group 2, herpes viruses were detected in 1 of 77 controls (HHV-6) and 4 of 77 patients with autoimmune encephalitis (EBV, 2; HHV-6, 2); autoantibodies targeted NMDA-R in 3/4 and GABAB-R in 1/4. In group 3, NMDA-R antibody was detected in 7 patients post-HSV-1 encephalitis. Of the remaining 3 patients, 2 had unclassified neural antibodies detected, and one had GABAB-R autoimmunity. Concomitant neoplasms were discovered in 2 patients each from groups 2 and 3.

conclusionsAutoantibodies and herpes virus DNA frequently coexist in encephalitic CSF. Some patients develop parainfectious autoimmunity following viral CNS infection (usually HSV-1 encephalitis). The significance of detecting herpes nucleic acids in others remains unclear.

Identifiers

PMID27308306
PMCPMC4897981
OpenAlexW2413941162

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.