ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2016
Systemic inflammatory response and neuromuscular involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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In one paragraph
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
117citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Creatine kinase and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a literature review and multi-centre cohort analysis.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammatory checkpoints in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: From biomarkers to therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Aberrations of biochemical indicators in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2021Pooled it
- Abnormal Serum Iron-Status Indicator Changes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Increased peripheral blood inflammatory cytokine levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis study.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- A phase II open label clinical study of the safety, tolerability and efficacy of ILB® for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Tocilizumab is safe and tolerable and reduces C-reactive protein concentrations in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients.Muscle & nerve · 2021Trial
- Using blood data for the differential diagnosis and prognosis of motor neuron diseases: a new dataset for machine learning applications.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Influenza Vaccine Response and Immune Functions in Deficient Elderly Persons: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Safety and Feasibility of Lin- Cells Administration to ALS Patients: A Novel View on Humoral Factors and miRNA Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Trial
- Serum C-Reactive Protein as a Prognostic Biomarker in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.JAMA neurology · 2017Trial
- Peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis an exploratory cross-sectional association study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Serum Biomarkers for Nutritional Monitoring in Motor Neuron Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The role of adiponectin and cytokines in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: assessment of disease progression and survival status.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Alterations of the Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Advanced-stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Analysis of immune-related alterations in blood and spinal cord of canine degenerative myelopathy, a spontaneous model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immune imbalance between T helper 1, T helper 17 and regulatory T cells fuels amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis: disease trajectory, diagnosis and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- C9orf72 in myeloid cells prevents an inflammatory response to microbial glycogen.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Identification of Comprehensive Landscape of Peripheral Immunity and Chemokine-Related Genes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Ching-Hua LuCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Kezia AllenCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Felicia OeiCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Emanuela LeoniCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Jens KuhleCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Timothy TreeCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Pietro FrattaCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Nikhil SharmaCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Katie SidleCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Robin HowardCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Richard OrrellCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Mark FishCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Linda GreensmithCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Neil PearceCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Valentina GalloCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Andrea MalaspinaCentre for Neuroscience & Trauma (C.L., F.O., J.K., A.M.) and Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (C.L., P.F., L.G.), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (P.F., L.G.), MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (N.S.), Department of Molecular Neuroscience (K.S.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.O.), UCL Institute of Neurology; Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals (K.A., A.M.), NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon; William Harvey Hospital (F.O.), Kent; Proteome Sciences plc (E.L.), South Wing Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, UK; Neurology (J.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), King's College London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (N.S., R.H., R.O.), London; Musgrove Park Hospital (M.F.), Taunton; and Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity College London · GBWilliam Harvey Hospital · GBUniversity Hospital of Basel · CHKing's College London · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBMRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing · GBMusgrove Park Hospital · GBNational Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery · GB
Funding
Medical Research Council MC_UU_12019/1Medical Research Council MR/M008606/1Motor Neurone Disease Association FRATTA/JAN15/946-795Motor Neurone Disease Association MALASPINA/APR08/RF/6039Motor Neurone Disease Association MALASPINA/APR13/817-791Motor Neurone Disease Association TURNER/OCT15/972-797
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the combined blood expression of neuromuscular and inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of disease progression and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
methodsLogistic regression adjusted for markers of the systemic inflammatory state and principal component analysis were carried out on plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK), ferritin, and 11 cytokines measured in 95 patients with ALS and 88 healthy controls. Levels of circulating biomarkers were used to study survival by Cox regression analysis and correlated with disease progression and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels available from a previous study. Cytokines expression was also tested in blood samples longitudinally collected for up to 4 years from 59 patients with ALS.
resultsSignificantly higher levels of CK, ferritin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ were found in plasma samples from patients with ALS compared to controls. IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were the most highly regulated markers when all explanatory variables were jointly analyzed. High ferritin and IL-2 levels were predictors of poor survival. IL-5 levels were positively correlated with CK, as was TNF-α with NfL. IL-6 was strongly associated with CRP levels and was the only marker showing increasing expression towards end-stage disease in the longitudinal analysis.
conclusionsNeuromuscular pathology in ALS involves the systemic regulation of inflammatory markers mostly active on T-cell immune responses. Disease stratification based on the prognostic value of circulating inflammatory markers could improve clinical trials design in ALS.
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