ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2016
Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance Is High and Longstanding in Metropolitan Washington, DC.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Geographical and temporal trends of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance in China: a nationwide study over two decades (2003-2024).The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV-1 in Sichuan, China: A Large-Scale Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- GPT-4 performance on querying scientific publications: reproducibility, accuracy, and impact of an instruction sheet.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and the Molecular Transmission Network Among HIV-Positive Individuals in China in 2022: Multicenter Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Observational
- Insights into HIV-1 Transmission Dynamics Using Routinely Collected Data in the Mid-Atlantic United States.Viruses · 2022Article
- National Landscape of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Deceased Organ Donors in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Pretreatment drug resistance in people living with HIV: A large retrospective cohort study in Chongqing, China.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Statewide Longitudinal Trends in Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Rhode Island, USA.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Molecular transmission network of pretreatment drug resistance among human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals and the impact of virological failure on those who received antiretroviral therapy in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic, Ecological, and Spatiotemporal Factors Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Florida: A Retrospective Analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- A cross-sectional study to characterize local HIV-1 dynamics in Washington, DC using next-generation sequencing.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- A 28-Year History of HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Transmission in Washington, DC.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Characterisation of HIV-1 transmission clusters and drug-resistant mutations in Denmark, 2004 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2018Article
- Prevalence of Transmitted HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment naïve newly diagnosed individuals in China.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Changes from 2000 to 2009 in the Prevalence of HIV-1 Containing Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations from Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive, HIV-1-Infected Patients in the United States.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Prevalence and Transmission Dynamics of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in a Southeastern Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Efficacies of Cabotegravir and Bictegravir against drug-resistant HIV-1 integrase mutants.Retrovirology · 2018Article
- Mechanism of Anti-rotavirus Synergistic Activity by Epigallocatechin Gallate and a Proanthocyanidin-Containing Nutraceutical.Food and environmental virology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWashington, DC, has 2.5% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, 3.9% among African Americans. Antiretrovirals (ARTs) are the cornerstone for treatment and prevention. Monitoring changes in transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is critical for effective HIV care.
methodsHIV genotype data for individuals enrolled in research studies in metropolitan Washington, D.C., were used to identify TDR using the World Health Organization mutation list [Bennett DE, Camacho RJ, Otelea D, et al. Drug resistance mutations for surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug-resistance: 2009 update. PloS One 2009; 4:e4724]. HIV phylogenies were reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. HIV transmission clusters were supported by 1000 bootstrap values >0.70 and posterior probability >0.95 of having a common ancestor.
resultsAmong 710 individuals enrolled in 1994-2013, the median age was 38.6 years, 46.2% were female, and 53.3% were African-American. TDR was 22.5% among 566 treatment-naive individuals; 15.8% had nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance, 9.8% had nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance, and 4.2% had protease inhibitor (PI) resistance. Single class TDR was 10.0%, 5.1%, and 1.6% to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs. Dual TDR to PI and NRTI was seen in 1.6%, NRTI and NNRTI in 3.4%, and triple class TDR in 0.9%. TDR frequency decreased from 1994-2006 (27.1%) to 2007-2013 (19.4%; P = .02). Only 6/79 (7.6%) individuals within transmission clusters had evidence of TDR. DISCUSSIONS: We identified high prevalence of TDR among HIV-infected individuals in metropolitan Washington, DC, regardless of gender. Active surveillance for TDR is needed to guide ART usage and analyses of risk group contributions to HIV transmission and resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.