ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2016
Effectiveness of the 2013 and 2014 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines Against Laboratory-confirmed Influenza in Young Children Using a Test-negative Design, Bangkok, Thailand.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Pooled it
- Influenza surveillance and vaccine policy in Thailand-a historical perspective.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Review
- Potential health and economic impact of paediatric vaccination using next-generation influenza vaccines in Kenya: a modelling study.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Influenza-Associated Medical Visits Prevented by Influenza Vaccination in Young Children in Thailand, 2012-2014.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2021Article
- Article
- Cost-effectiveness of inactivated seasonal influenza vaccination in a cohort of Thai children ≤60 months of age.PloS one · 2017Article
- Assessment of potential public health impact of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in Thailand.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Thai Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends annual influenza vaccination for children 6 months through 2 years of age, although older children may be vaccinated on request. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 2013 and 2014 inactivated influenza vaccines to reduce medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza illness among Thai children aged 7-60 months.
methodsFrom September 2013-May 2015, children with influenza-like illness were screened with a rapid influenza diagnostic test. Enrolled children had nasal and throat swabs tested for influenza viruses using polymerase chain reaction. Cases and controls were subjects testing positive and negative, respectively, for influenza viruses by polymerase chain reaction. Vaccination status was ascertained from vaccination cards. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as 100% × (1 - odds ratio of vaccination among cases vs. controls).
resultsOf the 1377 children enrolled, cases (n = 490) and controls (n = 887) were similar in demographic characteristics. Cases were less likely to receive influenza vaccine than controls in 2013 (6% vs. 14%; P = 0.02), but not in 2014 (6% vs. 7%; P = 0.57). Among cases, 126 (26%) were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, 239 (49%) for influenza A(H3N2) and 124 (25%) for influenza B. One specimen was positive for both influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses. VE for full vaccination against all viruses was 64% (95% confidence interval: 21% to 84%) in 2013 and 26% (95% confidence interval: -47% to 63%) in 2014.
conclusionsInfluenza vaccination was low among Thai children in this study, and VE varied by year, highlighting the need for annual monitoring of VE to better understand vaccine program effectiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.