ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2016
Beyond Traditional Newspaper Advertisement: Leveraging Facebook-Targeted Advertisement to Recruit Long-Term Smokers for Research.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05824273 (Leveraging Social Media to Increase Lung Cancer Screening Awareness, Knowledge and Uptake in High-Risk Populations), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Leveraging Social Media to Increase Lung Cancer Screening Awareness, Knowledge and Uptake in High-Risk Populations
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Online Patient Recruitment in Clinical Trials: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Social media recruitment for mental health research: A systematic review.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Recruitment strategies in randomised controlled trials of men aged 50 years and older: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions Using Social Media for Cancer Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review.Cancer nursingPooled it
- An evaluation of paid social media advertising and traditional advertising for addiction research recruitment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Supporting community translation of lung cancer screening: A web-based decision aid to support informed decision making.Translational behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Email-Based Recruitment Into the Health eHeart Study: Cohort Analysis of Invited Eligible Patients.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Using social media to recruit individuals for health-related research: Feasibility and lessons learned.Journal of health psychology · 2023Trial
- Computer-Tailored Decision Support Tool for Lung Cancer Screening: Community-Based Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Trial
- Recruiting to a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based Program for People With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: Lessons Learned at the Intersection of e-Mental Health and Primary Care.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- Using Facebook for Large-Scale Online Randomized Clinical Trial Recruitment: Effective Advertising Strategies.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Trial
- Participant Recruitment and Retention in Remote eHealth Intervention Trials: Methods and Lessons Learned From a Large Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Web-Based Smoking Interventions.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Trial
- Leveraging Social Media to Achieve Population-Level Reach of Lung Cancer Screening-Eligible Individuals: A RE-AIM Framework Perspective.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Impact of advice to quit smoking on rating of care and anticipation of stigma in primary care.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Factors affecting participation in web-based Alzheimer's questionnaire surveys: Lessons from the Japanese trial-ready cohort.JAR life · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional comparison of sociodemographic and tobacco use characteristics of U.S. adults who regularly use leading electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) products.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Comparison of targeted web-based advertising versus traditional methods for recruiting older adults into clinical trials.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Internet-based enrollment of a myositis patient cohort-a national experience.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Observational
- Review
- Challenges and Opportunities in Recruiting Research Participants Using Facebook: Lessons Learned from an Exemplar Study.The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmokers are a stigmatized population, but an important population to reach for the purpose of research. Therefore, innovative recruitment methods are needed that are both cost-effective and efficacious in recruiting this population.
objectiveThe aim of the present article was to evaluate the feasibility of Facebook-targeted advertisement to recruit long-term smokers eligible for lung cancer screening for a descriptive, cross-sectional survey.
methodsA social media recruitment campaign was launched using Facebook-targeted advertisement to target age and keywords related to tobacco smoking in the Facebook users profile, interests, and likes. A 3-day newspaper advertisement recruitment campaign was used as a comparison. The study that used both recruitment methods aimed to test the psychometric properties of 4 newly developed lung cancer screening health belief scales. Data were collected via cross-sectional survey methodology using an Web-based survey platform.
resultsThe Facebook-targeted advertisements were viewed 56,621 times over an 18-day campaign in 2015 in the United States. The advertisement campaign yielded 1121 unique clicks to the Web-based survey platform at a cost of $1.51 per completed survey. Of those who clicked through to the study survey platform, 423 (37.7%) consented to participate; 92 (8.2%) dropped out during completion of the survey yielding a final study pool of 331 completed surveys. Recruitment by newspaper advertisement yielded a total of 30 participants in response to a 3-day advertisement campaign; recruitment efficacy resulted in 10 participants/day at $40.80 per completed survey. Participants represented current (n=182; 51%) and former smokers (n=178; 49%) with a mean age of 63.4 years (SD 6.0). Cost of the advertisement campaign was $500 total for the 18-day campaign.
conclusionsRecruitment by Facebook was more efficacious and cost-effective compared with newspaper advertisement. Facebook offers a new venue for recruitment into research studies that offer the potential for wider reach at a lower cost while providing privacy and flexibility for potential study participants. The study's findings extend recent work of other researchers who have demonstrated Facebook's utility with younger smokers, and Facebook is an effective tool to recruit older smokers. Furthermore, Facebook is a cost-effective alternative to traditional newspaper advertisement offering a new, affordable venue to recruit large numbers of older smokers efficiently.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.