ArticleScientific reports2016
Nasal commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis counteracts influenza virus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Commensal Microbiota and Viral Infection: A Comprehensive Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Pooled it
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Throat Spray with Selected Lactobacilli in COVID-19 Outpatients.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- Nasal microbiome and phageome profiles are associated with prospective respiratory viral infection risk in school-age children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Antiviral activity of Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease against bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 in vitro.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- The Airway Microbiome as a Modulator of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives-Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Genomic characterization of Staphylococcus epidermidis Se252 isolated from the rhizosphere of a Brazilian endemic plant.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Colonizing Bacteria Aggravate Inflammation, Cytotoxicity and Immune Defense During Influenza A Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The intricate interplay among microbiota, mucosal immunity, and viral infection in the respiratory tract.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis-From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibitMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibitbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Potential probiotics for regulation of the gut-lung axis to prevent or alleviate influenza in vulnerable populations.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2023Review
- Microbiome alterations from volatile organic compounds (VOC) exposures among workers in salons primarily serving women of color.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Colonization of nasal cavities by Staphylococcus epidermidis mitigates SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein-induced interleukin (IL)-6 in the lung.Microbial biotechnology · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Ocular benzalkonium chloride exposure: problems and solutions.Eye (London, England) · 2022Review
- Nasopharyngeal microbiome reveals the prevalence of opportunistic pathogens in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and their association with host types.Microbes and infection · 2022Article
- Mapping bacterial diversity and metabolic functionality of the human respiratory tract microbiome.Journal of oral microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Several microbes, including Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), a Gram-positive bacterium, live inside the human nasal cavity as commensals. The role of these nasal commensals in host innate immunity is largely unknown, although bacterial interference in the nasal microbiome may promote ecological competition between commensal bacteria and pathogenic species. We demonstrate here that S. epidermidis culture supernatants significantly suppressed the infectivity of various influenza viruses. Using high-performance liquid chromatography together with mass spectrometry, we identified a giant extracellular matrix-binding protein (Embp) as the major component involved in the anti-influenza effect of S. epidermidis. This anti-influenza activity was abrogated when Embp was mutated, confirming that Embp is essential for S. epidermidis activity against viral infection. We also showed that both S. epidermidis bacterial particles and Embp can directly bind to influenza virus. Furthermore, the injection of a recombinant Embp fragment containing a fibronectin-binding domain into embryonated eggs increased the survival rate of virus-infected chicken embryos. For an in vivo challenge study, prior Embp intranasal inoculation in chickens suppressed the viral titres and induced the expression of antiviral cytokines in the nasal tissues. These results suggest that S. epidermidis in the nasal cavity may serve as a defence mechanism against influenza virus infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.