Trial reportPediatrics2016
Breast Milk Consumption in Preterm Neonates and Cardiac Shape in Adulthood.
Trial report in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence that informs feeding practices in very low birthweight and very preterm infants in sub-Saharan Africa: an overview of systematic reviews.BMJ paediatrics open · 2020Pooled it
- Preterm Infant Feeding: A Mechanistic Comparison between a Vacuum Triggered Novel Teat and Breastfeeding.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Cardiovascular development of critically ill neonates on mother's milk.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Human Milk Practices in Swedish Neonatal Units: Results From a Nationwide Survey.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Impact of Preterm Birth on Long-Term Cardiac Function: A Comprehensive Echocardiographic Study in School-Aged Children.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding and cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood: results from the Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort, 1982.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Decoding Their Structural Variability, Health Benefits, and the Evolution of Infant Nutrition.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Early-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction Increases Left Ventricular Sphericity in Adolescents Born Very Preterm.Pediatric cardiology · 2024Article
- Pathophysiology of the right ventricle and its pulmonary vascular interaction.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- Breastfeeding-Related Health Benefits in Children and Mothers: Vital Organs Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- P-Wave Axis of Schoolchildren Who Were Once Breastfed.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- DNA methylation patterns at birth predict health outcomes in young adults born very low birthweight.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- The role of human milk feeds on inotrope use in newborn infants with sepsis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Differing Impact of Preterm Birth on the Right and Left Atria in Adulthood.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Understanding the preterm human heart: What do we know so far?Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2022Review
- Acute and chronic cardiac adaptations in adults born preterm.Experimental physiology · 2022Review
- Subclinical Changes in Left Heart Structure and Function at Preschool Age in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Reduced Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Adults Born at Very Low Birth Weight: No Small Matter!American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Exercise Capacity in Young Adults Born Small for Gestational Age.JAMA cardiology · 2021Article
- Cardiac Performance in the First Year of Age Among Preterm Infants Fed Maternal Breast Milk.JAMA network open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesPreterm birth relates to long-term alterations in cardiac morphology and function. Understanding whether preterm postnatal life is a tractable period of cardiovascular development that can be positively altered by nutrition is relevant to long-term outcomes. We hypothesized that being fed human breast milk during early postnatal life is beneficial to long-term cardiac structure and function in preterm-born individuals compared with infant formulas.
methodsA total of 926 preterm-born infants originally took part in a randomized controlled trial of postnatal milk-feeding regimens between 1982 and 1985 across 5 different UK centers. Preterm-born individuals were randomly assigned to either breast milk donated by unrelated lactating women or nutrient-enriched formulas. We followed 102 individuals from this cohort: 30 of whom had been randomized to being fed exclusively human milk and 16 to being fed exclusively formula. As a comparison group, we recruited an additional 102 individuals born term to uncomplicated pregnancies. Cardiac morphology and function were assessed by MRI.
resultsPreterm-born individuals fed exclusively human milk as infants had increased left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (+9.73%, P = .04 and +18.2%, P < .001) and stroke volume index (+9.79%, P = .05 and +22.1%, P = .01) compared with preterm-born individuals who were exclusively formula fed as infants.
conclusionsThis study provides the first evidence of a beneficial association between breast milk and cardiac morphology and function in adult life in those born preterm and supports promotion of human milk for the care of preterm infants to reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.