ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2016
Retail Pharmacy Policy to End the Sale of Tobacco Products: What Is the Impact on Disparity in Neighborhood Density of Tobacco Outlets?
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2025Pooled it
- Using standalone pharmacies to reduce tobacco retailer availability: neighbourhood associations and two competing policy options in four US states.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Global policy scan of commercial combustible tobacco product retailing regulations by WHO region.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Cooling down hotspots of retail tobacco products: addressing disparities in the built environment through policy.Health & place · 2025Article
- Impact and Equity of New York City's Tobacco Retail Reduction Initiative.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- The Association Between the License Fee Increase and the Density of Tobacco Retailers in California-A Segmented Interrupted Time-Series Analysis by Income and Race/Ethnicity.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Inequalities in Environmental Cancer Risk and Carcinogen Exposures: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Piloting a spatial mixed method for understanding neighborhood tobacco use disparities.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Evaluating how licensing-law strategies will impact disparities in tobacco retailer density: a simulation in Ohio.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Simulating the density reduction and equity impact of potential tobacco retail control policies.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Exploring how tobacco advertisements are associated with tobacco use susceptibility in tobacco naive adolescents from the PATH study.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Associations between Black and Mild Cigar Pack Size and Demographics and Tobacco Use Behaviors among US Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Retailer density reduction approaches to tobacco control: A review.Health & place · 2021Review
- Impact of population tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a systematic review and appraisal of future research directions.Tobacco control · 2020Review
- The Potential of Smartphone Apps in Informing Protobacco and Antitobacco Messaging Efforts Among Underserved Communities: Longitudinal Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Observational
- Smoking and alcoholism among adult population and its association with outlet density in a hilly area of North India.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Evaluating the impact and equity of a tobacco-free pharmacy law on retailer density in New York City neighbourhoods.Tobacco control · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPopulation-level research on the implications of retail pharmacy policies to end the sale of tobacco products is scant, and the impact of such policies on racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities across neighborhoods in access to tobacco products remains unexplored.
methodsWe investigated the association between neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco retail density in Rhode Island (RI; N = 240 census tracts). We also investigated whether the CVS Health (N = 60) policy to end the sale of tobacco products reduces the disparity in the density of tobacco retail across neighborhoods, and we conducted a prospective policy analysis to determine whether a similar policy change in all pharmacies in RI (N = 135) would reduce the disparity in tobacco retail density.
resultsThe results revealed statistically significant associations between neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco retail outlet density across RI neighborhoods. The results when excluding the CVS Health locations, as well as all pharmacies as tobacco retailers, revealed no change in the pattern for this association.
conclusionsThe results of this study suggest that while a commendable tobacco control policy, the CVS Health policy appears to have no impact on the neighborhood racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the density of tobacco retailers in RI. Prospective policy analyses showed no impact on this disparity even if all other pharmacies in the state adopted a similar policy. IMPACT: Policy efforts aimed at reducing the disparity in access to tobacco products should focus on reducing the density of tobacco outlets in poor and racial/ethnic neighborhoods. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1305-10. ©2016 AACR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.