Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2016
Fetal Atrial Flutter: Electrophysiology and Associations With Rhythms Involving an Accessory Pathway.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Various First-Line Therapeutic Strategies for Fetal Tachycardias: A Network Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- OPM-based fetal magnetocardiography: fetal cardiac time intervals in healthy pregnancies compared to postnatal ECGs.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Fe-Based Nanocrystalline Magnetic Shielding Cylinder with Subfemtotesla-Level Magnetic Noise.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Evaluation and Management of Recurrent Atrial Flutter in Neonates.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Fetal Conduction Disease and Arrhythmia in Ebstein's Anomaly and Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia Assessed by Fetal Magnetocardiography.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Observational
- Fetal tachyarrhythmias: current knowledge for clinical practice.Translational pediatrics · 2025Review
- A case of sustained fetal atrial flutter at 25-week gestation: diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- What Is the Optimal Digoxin Level? Challenging Case of Fetal Atrial Flutter Treatment in a Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Contribution of Fetal Magnetocardiography to Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmia.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Review
- Successful management of fetal atrial flutter at term pregnancy with postnatal electrocardioversion.Clinical case reports · 2021Article
- Association of Fetal Atrial Flutter with Neonatal Atrioventricular Re-entry Tachycardia Involving Accessory Pathway: A Link to be Remembered.Pediatric cardiology · 2021Article
- Eltrombopag use for refractory immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: A case report.Case reports in women's health · 2021Article
- Fetal arrhythmias: prenatal evaluation and intrauterine therapeutics.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2020Review
- Fetal Arrhythmias: Genetic Background and Clinical Implications.Pediatric cardiology · 2019Review
- Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants.Paediatric drugs · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAtrial flutter (AFl) accounts for up to one third of all fetal tachyarrhythmias and can result in premature delivery, hydrops, and fetal death in 10% of cases; however, the electrophysiology of AFl in utero is virtually unstudied. METHODS AND
resultsIn this observational study, we reviewed 19 fetal magnetocardiography studies from 16 fetuses: 15 fetuses (21-38 weeks' gestation) referred with an echocardiographic diagnosis of AFl and 1 fetus (20 weeks' gestation) referred with a diagnosis of tachycardia that was shown by fetal magnetocardiography to have transient AFl in addition to atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. Thirteen fetuses showed AFl during the fetal magnetocardiography session, including 4 that presented prior to the third trimester. Five fetuses had incessant AFl; all but 1 of the others with AFl showed additional significant rhythms. Specifically, AFl showed a strong association with rhythms involving an accessory pathway: atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, blocked reentrant premature atrial contractions, and ventricular preexcitation. The observed initiations and terminations of AFl most often involved reentrant premature atrial contractions. Spontaneous termination of AFl showed AFl cycle length oscillations. Nine fetuses with 2:1 AFl also showed periods of 4:1 conduction or variable conduction that oscillated between 2:1 and 4:1; however, 3:1 AFl was relatively rare.
conclusionsFetal AFl can occur as early as midgestation and is often accompanied by atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia and other rhythms associated with an accessory pathway. The findings depict critical differences in the electrophysiology of AFl in the fetus versus the neonate.
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Registered trials
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