ReviewLancet (London, England)2016
Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes.
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03169413 (Human Leucocytic Antigen Typing and Mutation of Adenosine Triphosphate Sensitive Potassium Channel Gene in Diabetic Patients Diagnosed Under the Age of One Year.), which is not on this map. Cited by 352 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Human Leucocytic Antigen Typing and Mutation of Adenosine Triphosphate Sensitive Potassium Channel Gene in Diabetic Patients Diagnosed Under the Age of One Year.
Who cites it
352 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of integrative therapies on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and global research landscape.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Pooled it
- High BMI and the risk for incident type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregated cohort studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of Dietary Factors during Pregnancy on the Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- The global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of pediatric new-onset type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment of autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- First-in-human, double-blind, randomized phase 1b study of peptide immunotherapy IMCY-0098 in new-onset type 1 diabetes.BMC medicine · 2023Trial
- Combination therapy with saxagliptin and vitamin D for the preservation of β-cell function in adult-onset type 1 diabetes: a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Trial
- Infections in the first year of life and development of beta cell autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes in high-risk individuals: the TRIGR cohort.Diabetologia · 2022Trial
- Adjuvant Probiotics ofFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Increasing plasma glucose before the development of type 1 diabetes-the TRIGR study.Pediatric diabetes · 2021Trial
- ProtectiveiScience · 2026Article
- International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes: a nominal group technique process.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Increasing incidence and clinical burden of paediatric type 1 diabetes in Italy: insights from a large administrative database.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications of Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Ambient temperature and sunshine hours are not associated with type 1 diabetes incidence in subtropical Taiwan: a nationwide time-series analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Review
- Association of Urine Heavy Metals with Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes and Poor Glycaemic Control.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Geospatial clustering of type 1 diabetes in Sweden: a cohort study based on all residential locations from birth to diagnosis.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Red meat intake during pregnancy and childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: findings from the ABIS birth cohort.Diabetologia · 2026Article
292 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes has risen considerably in the past 30 years due to changes in the environment that have been only partially identified. In this Series paper, we critically discuss candidate triggers of islet autoimmunity and factors thought to promote progression from autoimmunity to overt type 1 diabetes. We revisit previously proposed hypotheses to explain the growth in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in light of current data. Finally, we suggest a unified model in which immune tolerance to β cells can be broken by several environmental exposures that induce generation of hybrid peptides acting as neoautoantigens.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.