Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27301913›Full record

ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2016

Prevalence of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis by underlying cause in understudied ethnic groups: The multiethnic cohort.

Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Daniel O Stram, Jacqueline Porcel, Shelly C Lu, Loïc Le Marchand, Mazen Noureddin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
145citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
22.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

145 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 290 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevalence, Severity, and Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2018
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  18. Contemporary global epidemiology of cirrhosis.Hepatology communications · 2026
    Review
  19. Prediagnostic Plasma Metabolite Profiles and Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
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85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Veronica Wendy SetiawanDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Daniel O StramDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Jacqueline PorcelNorris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Shelly C LuFatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Loïc Le MarchandEpidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI.
Mazen NoureddinFatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
University of Southern California · USCedars-Sinai Medical Center · USUniversity of Hawaii System · US

Funding

University of Hawaii Cancer Center CCSGP30CA071789 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI Xin Chen · 1996 to 2026
$56.2M
Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4M
USC RESEARCH CENTER FOR LIVER DISEASES: PILOT PROGRAMSP30DK048522 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KAPLOWITZ, NEIL · 1995 to 2020
$21.8M
Understanding Ethnic Differences in Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort StudyUM1CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HENDERSON, BRIAN E, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2012 to 2014
$11.3M
Investigating the cause of racial/ethnic disparity in hepatocellular cancer riskR03CA186203 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI SETIAWAN, VERONICA WENDY · 2014 to 2015
$165k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA071789NCI NIH HHS R03 CA186203NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA164973NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK048522
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are major sources of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Little is known about the epidemiology of these two diseases in ethnic minority populations in the United States. We examined the prevalence of CLD and cirrhosis by underlying etiologies among African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites in the Multiethnic Cohort. CLD and cirrhosis cases were identified using Medicare claims between 1999 and 2012 among the fee-for-service participants (n = 106,458). We used International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision codes, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, and alcohol consumption from questionnaires to identify underlying etiologies. A total of 5,783 CLD (3,575 CLD without cirrhosis and 2,208 cirrhosis) cases were identified. The prevalence of CLD ranged from 3.9% in African Americans and Native Hawaiians to 4.1% in whites, 6.7% in Latinos, and 6.9% in Japanese. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the most common cause of CLD in all ethnic groups combined (52%), followed by alcoholic liver disease (21%). NAFLD was the most common cause of cirrhosis in the entire cohort. By ethnicity, NAFLD was the most common cause of cirrhosis in Japanese Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Latinos, accounting for 32% of cases. Alcoholic liver disease was the most common cause of cirrhosis in whites (38.2%), while hepatitis C virus was the most common cause in African Americans (29.8%).

conclusionsWe showed racial/ethnic variations in the prevalence of CLD and cirrhosis by underlying etiology; NAFLD was the most common cause of CLD and cirrhosis in the entire cohort, and the high prevalence of NAFLD among Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians is a novel finding, warranting further studies to elucidate the causes. (Hepatology 2016;64:1969-1977).

Indexed as

Racial GroupsAgedChronic DiseaseCohort StudiesFemaleHepatitis, Viral, HumanHumansLiver CirrhosisLiver Diseases, AlcoholicMaleMiddle AgedNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseasePrevalenceUnited States

Identifiers

PMID27301913
PMCPMC5115980
OpenAlexW2423391616

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.