ArticleBMJ open2016
Associations between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions: a cross-sectional approach in Spanish non-clinical populations.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of nurse practitioners in primary care on patients with chronic diseases in rural and underserved areas: A systematic review.The European journal of general practice · 2026Pooled it
- Content Analysis of Assessment Tools Used in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review with Linkage to the International Classification of Functioning.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Disparity between capacity and performance in the International Classification of Functioning: implications for functionality in older adults.AIMS public health · 2025Article
- The disability profile in primary care may depend on the type of care and pain aspects.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- Depression as a Mediator and Social Participation as a Moderator in the Bidirectional Relationship Between Sleep Disorders and Pain: Dynamic Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Psychosocial Correlates of Objective, Performance-Based, and Patient-Reported Physical Function Among Patients with Heterogeneous Chronic Pain.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
- WHODAS 2.0-BO: normative data for the assessment of disability in older adults.Revista de saude publica · 2019Article
- Mapping European Welfare Models: State of the Art of Strategies for Professional Integration and Reintegration of Persons with Chronic Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Effectiveness of Integration and Re-Integration into Work Strategies for Persons with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review of European Strategies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- Analysis of Chronic Illnesses and Disability in a Community-Based Sample of Elderly People in South-Eastern Poland.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- Physical activity, body functions and disability among middle-aged and older Spanish adults.BMC geriatrics · 2017Article
- Examine the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings.Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo analyse the relationships between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.
designA cross-sectional study.
setting2 geographical areas in the Autonomous Region of Aragon, Spain, namely, a rural area, Cinco Villas, and an urban area in the city of Zaragoza.
participants864 individuals selected by simple random sampling from the register of Social Security card holders, aged 50 years and over, positive to disability screening.
main outcome measuresICF Checklist-body function domains, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0, 36-item (WHODAS-36)) global scores and medical diagnoses (chronic conditions) from primary care records.
resultsMild disability (WHODAS-36 level 5-24%) was present in 51.5% of the sample. In the adjusted ordinal regression model with WHODAS-36 as the dependent variable, disability was substantially associated with moderate-to-complete impairment in the following functions: mental, OR 212.8 (95% CI 72 to 628.9); neuromusculoskeletal, OR 44.8 (24.2 to 82.8); and sensory and pain, OR 6.3 (3.5 to 11.2). In the relationship between health conditions and body function impairments, the strongest links were seen for: dementia with mental functions, OR 50.6 (25.1 to 102.1); cerebrovascular disease with neuromusculoskeletal function, OR 5.8 (3.5 to 9.7); and chronic renal failure with sensory function and pain, OR 3.0 (1.49 to 6.4). Dementia, OR 8.1 (4.4 to 14.7) and cerebrovascular disease, OR 4.1 (2.7 to 6.4) were associated with WHODAS-36 scores.
conclusionsBody functions are heterogeneously linked to limitations in activities and restrictions on participation, with the highest impact being due to mental and musculoskeletal functions. This may be relevant for disability assessment and intervention design, particularly if defined on a body function basis. Control of specific health conditions, such as dementia and cerebrovascular disease, appears to be paramount in reducing disability among persons aged 50 years and over.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.