ArticleBritish journal of cancer2016
The relationship between tumour budding, the tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical significance of tumor-stroma ratio in head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Preoperative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers for predicting tumor budding of rectal cancer.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Predictive value of a mesenchymal phenotype grading system combining tumor budding and FRMD6 expression for disease-free survival in colorectal carcinomas.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Article
- The Glasgow Microenvironment Score: an exemplar of contemporary biomarker evolution in colorectal cancer.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2024Review
- The Relationship between Tumor Budding and Tumor Deposits in Patients with Stage III Colorectal Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts actively compress cancer cells and modulate mechanotransduction.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Digital Pathology for Bladder Cancer: Hype or Hope? A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2023Review
- Tumor-Stroma Ratio and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Preoperative Biopsy and Matched Laryngeal Carcinoma Surgical Specimen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Tumor Stroma Ratio and Its Significance in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- A Prediction Model for Tumor Recurrence in Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer Patients: From a Machine Learning Model to Genomic Profiling.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Prognostic Impact of Tumor Budding on Moroccan Colon Cancer Patients.International journal of surgical oncology · 2022Article
- Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III colon cancer: the role of the "budding and TILs-(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) combination" as tumor-host antagonists.International journal of colorectal disease · 2021Article
- Relationship between immune checkpoint proteins, tumour microenvironment characteristics, and prognosis in primary operable colorectal cancer.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2021Article
- Tumor infiltrative growth pattern correlates with the immune microenvironment and is an independent factor for lymph node metastasis and prognosis in stage T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2020Article
- Article
- Association of Tumor Budding With Immune Evasion Pathways in Primary Colorectal Cancer and Patient-Derived Xenografts.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Article
- The Relationship Between Tumor Budding, Tumor Microenvironment, and Survival in Patients with Primary Operable Colorectal Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2019Article
- Tumour-associated neutrophils in patients with cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2019Review
- Uniform Noting for International Application of the Tumor-Stroma Ratio as an Easy Diagnostic Tool: Protocol for a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumour budding has been reported to reflect invasiveness, metastasis and unfavourable prognosis in colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between tumour budding and clinicopathological characteristics, tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer.
methodsA total of 303 patients from a prospective data set of patients with primary operable colorectal cancer were included in the study. The presence of budding was determined through assessment of all tumour-containing H&E slides and the number of tumour buds was counted using a 10 high-powered field method. Routine pathologic sections were used to assess: tumour necrosis, the tumour inflammatory cell infiltrate using Klintrup-Makinen (KM) grade and tumour stroma percentage (TSP) combined as the Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS).
resultsHigh-grade tumour budding was present in 39% of all tumours and in 28% of node-negative tumours respectively. High-grade budding was significantly associated with T stage (P<0.001), N stage (P<0.001), TNM stage (P<0.001), serosal involvement (P<0.001), venous invasion (P<0.005), KM grade (P=0.022), high tumour stroma (P<0.001) and GMS (P<0.001). Tumour budding was associated with reduced cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR=4.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.50-6.52; P<0.001), independent of age (HR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90; P=0.004), TNM stage (HR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.25; P=0.040), venous invasion (HR=1.73; 95% CI, 1.13-2.64; P=0.012) and GMS (HR=1.54; 95% CI, 1.15-2.07; P=0.004).
conclusionsThe presence of tumour budding was associated with elements of the tumour microenvironment and was an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer. Specifically high tumour budding stratifies effectively the prognostic value of tumour stage, venous invasion and GMS. Taken together, tumour budding should be assessed routinely in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer.
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