Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27297979›Full record

ArticleJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2016

TNF-α augments CXCR2 and CXCR3 to promote progression of renal cell carcinoma.

Kuang-Hui Sun, Guang-Huan Sun, Yi-Ching Wu, Bai-Jiun Ko, Hui-Tzu Hsu, Sheng-Tang Wu

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Interleukin-8 in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Evaluating the prognostic role of glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in first line: a study by the Turkish Oncology Group Kidney Cancer Consortium (TKCC).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Article
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  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
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  12. The immunology of renal cell carcinoma.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2020
    Review
  13. Observational
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kuang-Hui SunDepartment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Guang-Huan SunDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yi-Ching WuDepartment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Bai-Jiun KoDepartment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hui-Tzu HsuDepartment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Sheng-Tang WuDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. doc20283@gmail.com.
National Defense Medical Center · TWNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · TWNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Within the tumour microenvironment, a complex network of chemokines and their receptors affects the initiation and progression of tumours. The higher levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are associated with tumour progression and an anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody has been used successfully to treat patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the role of chemokines and their receptors in the TNF-α-promoted progression of RCC remains unclear. In this study, TNF-α was found to enhance the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of TNF-α on the progression of RCC, reverse transcription and quantitative PCR was used to screen chemokines and chemokine receptors that were associated with tumorigenesis. The results showed that TNF-α significantly increased the expressions of CXCR2 and CXCR3 and their related ligands in RCC cells. Subsequently, we used a lentiviral shRNA system to knockdown the expression of CXCR2 and/or CXCR3 in RCC cells. CXCR2 and CXCR3 silencing inhibited the induction of Slug and ZEB-1 with TNF-α treatment of RCC cells. In addition, the knockdown of both CXCR2 and CXCR3 resulted in a greater decrease in cell migration, invasion and clonogenic ability compared with either CXCR2 or CXCR3 knockdown alone. Moreover, CXCR2 and CXCR3 silencing significantly reduced the sphere-forming ability of RCC cells. High expression levels of CXCR2 and CXCR3 in cancer tissues correlated with tumour progression of renal cell carcinoma. These findings suggest that TNF-α augments CXCR2 and CXCR3 to promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma leading to a poor prognosis.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionCarcinoma, Renal CellCell Line, TumorCell MovementChemokinesClone CellsEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionGene Knockdown TechniquesGene SilencingHumansKidney NeoplasmsNeoplasm InvasivenessReceptors, CXCR3Receptors, CXCR4Reproducibility of ResultsSpheroids, CellularChemokinesCXCR3 protein, humanCXCR4 protein, humanReceptors, CXCR3Receptors, CXCR4Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphachemokinekidney cancerpatient prognosistumour microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID27297979
PMCPMC5082409
OpenAlexW2430592227

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.