ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Microfilariae of Brugia malayi Inhibit the mTOR Pathway and Induce Autophagy in Human Dendritic Cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parasite based biotherapy for cancer therapeutic strategies and preclinical applications.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- The role and significance of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in infectious diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Dynamics of Human Filarial Infections: Immunological Responses, Host Manifestations, and Pathogen Biology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- The expanding role of microRNAs in the biology and control of veterinary parasitic nematodes.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminth-Derived Products: Potential Applications and Challenges in Diabetes Mellitus Management.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Hydatid fluid fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Similarities and divergences in the metabolism of immune cells in cancer and helminthic infections.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Whole blood transcriptome analysis in onchocerciasis.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2022Article
- Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system.Molecular immunology · 2021Review
- Modulation of the mTOR pathway plays a central role in dendritic cell functions after Echinococcus granulosus antigen recognition.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The host mTOR pathway and parasitic diseases pathogenesis.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles released from the filarial parasite Brugia malayi downregulate the host mTOR pathway.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Immunometabolism: Towards a Better Understanding the Mechanism of Parasitic Infection and Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune modulation is a hallmark of patent filarial infection, including suppression of antigen-presenting cell function and downmodulation of filarial antigen-specific T cell responses. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in immune regulation, not only by suppressing T cell responses but also by regulating autophagy (through mTOR sensing amino acid availability). Global proteomic analysis (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) of microfilaria (mf)-exposed monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) indicated that multiple components of the mTOR signaling pathway, including mTOR, eIF4A, and eIF4E, are downregulated by mf, suggesting that mf target this pathway for immune modulation in DC. Utilizing Western blot analysis, we demonstrate that similar to rapamycin (a known mTOR inhibitor), mf downregulate the phosphorylation of mTOR and its regulatory proteins, p70S6K1 and 4E-BP1, a process essential for DC protein synthesis. As active mTOR signaling regulates autophagy, we examined whether mf exposure alters autophagy-associated processes. mf-induced autophagy was reflected in marked upregulation of phosphorylated Beclin 1, known to play an important role in both autophagosome formation and autolysosome fusion, in induction of LC3II, a marker of autophagosome formation, and in induced degradation of p62, a ubiquitin-binding protein that aggregates protein in autophagosomes and is degraded upon autophagy that was reduced significantly by mf exposure and by rapamycin. Together, these results suggest that Brugia malayi mf employ mechanisms of metabolic modulation in DC to influence the regulation of the host immune response by downregulating mTOR signaling, resulting in increased autophagy. Whether this is a result of the parasite-secreted rapamycin homolog is currently under study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.