Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27297389›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2016

Human NOD2 Recognizes Structurally Unique Muramyl Dipeptides from Mycobacterium leprae.

Mirjam Schenk, Sebabrata Mahapatra, Phuonganh Le, Hee Jin Kim, Aaron W Choi, Patrick J Brennan, John T Belisle, Robert L Modlin

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025
    Review
  7. Leprosy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mirjam SchenkDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Sebabrata MahapatraMycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Phuonganh LeDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Hee Jin KimMycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Aaron W ChoiDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Patrick J BrennanMycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
John T BelisleMycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Robert L ModlinDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA rmodlin@mednet.ucla.edu.
Colorado State University · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Molecular Analysis of the Host Immune Response in LeprosyR01AI022553 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ROBERT L MODLIN · 1989 to 2026
$15.7M
TCR GAMMA/DELTA LYMPHOCYTES IN HUMAN SKIN LESIONSR01AR040312 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MODLIN, ROBERT L · 1990 to 2025
$10.4M
Vitamin D Metabolism in LeprosyP50AR063020 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MODLIN, ROBERT L · 2012 to 2016
$7.8M
ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN SKINR37AI047868 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MODLIN, ROBERT L · 2000 to 2009
$2.9M
Divergence of Phagocytic and Antimicrobial Programs in LeprosyR01AI047868 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MODLIN, ROBERT L · 2010 to 2014
$2.4M
Role of Vitamin D Prohormone 25-OHD in the Immune Response to TuberculosisR01HL119068 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LIU, PHILIP T., MODLIN, ROBERT L · 2014 to 2017
$1.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL119068NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI022553NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI047868NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI047868NIAMS NIH HHS P50 AR063020NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR040312
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens via pattern recognition receptors. One such receptor, NOD2, via recognition of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), triggers a distinct network of innate immune responses, including the production of interleukin-32 (IL-32), which leads to the differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells (DC). NOD2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human leprosy, yet it is not clear whether Mycobacterium leprae, which has a distinct MDP structure, can activate this pathway. We investigated the effect of MDP structure on the innate immune response, finding that infection of monocytes with M. leprae induces IL-32 and DC differentiation in a NOD2-dependent manner. The presence of the proximal l-Ala instead of Gly in the common configuration of the peptide side chain of M. leprae did not affect recognition by NOD2 or cytokine production. Furthermore, amidation of the d-Glu residue did not alter NOD2 activation. These data provide experimental evidence that NOD2 recognizes naturally occurring structural variants of MDP.

Indexed as

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-IsoglutamineCell DifferentiationCells, CulturedDendritic CellsHumansImmunity, InnateInterleukinsLeprosyMonocytesMycobacterium lepraeNod2 Signaling Adaptor ProteinAcetylmuramyl-Alanyl-IsoglutamineIL32 protein, humanInterleukinsNOD2 protein, humanNod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein

Identifiers

PMID27297389
PMCPMC4995902
OpenAlexW2439417625

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.