ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2017
Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Salivary Biomarkers as Indicators of TBI Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Systematic Review.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- The Impacts of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Saliva Flow-Rate and Metabolic Data: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Salivary diagnostic markers in males and females during rest and exercise.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2017Trial
- Best practices for using biological data in psychological research.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2026Review
- Biomarkers as Temporal Signals: A Decision-Linked Multi-Layer Framework for Exercise Recovery, Overload, and Adaptation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- (Ultra-)inflammation or adaptation? Comparison of different ultramarathon distances and their effect on the immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Serum Biomarkers in Paediatric Neurosurgery: Traumatic Brain Injury and Beyond.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Exploratory multi-biofluid proteomic profiling of acute exercise responses in plasma, tear fluid, and nasal secretions.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Urinary Metabolites Variation After High-Intensity Rowing Training and Potential Biomarker Screening for Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Utilizing saliva for non-invasive detection of exercise-induced myocardial injury with point-of-care cardiac troponin-I.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Salivary Metabolite Variation After High-Intensity Rowing Training and Potential Biomarker Screening for Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Damage in Female Athletes.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Inflammatory burden of adolescents with childhood maltreatment: results from baseline data of a school cohort.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- The relationship between balance and urinary cortisol and neopterin in autistic children.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Chronic Training Induces Metabolic and Proteomic Response in Male and Female Basketball Players: Salivary Modifications during In-Season Training Programs.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Quantitative proteomic analysis and verification identify global protein profiling dynamics in pig during the estrous cycle.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of post-match recovery in semi-professional and professional football (soccer).Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Salivary Diagnostic for Monitoring Strenuous Exercise-A Pilot Study in a Cohort of Male Ultramarathon Runners.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of homeostatic perturbations following various psychophysiological stressors is essential in sports and exercise medicine. Various biomarkers are routinely used as monitoring tools in both clinical and elite sport settings. Blood collection and muscle biopsies, both invasive in nature, are considered the gold standard for the analysis of these biomarkers in exercise science. Exploring non-invasive methods of collecting and analysing biomarkers that are capable of providing accurate information regarding exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress is of obvious practical importance. This review describes the potential benefits, and the limitations, of using saliva and urine to ascertain biomarkers capable of identifying important stressors that are routinely encountered before, during, or after intense or unaccustomed exercise, competition, over-training, and inappropriate recovery. In particular, we focus on urinary and saliva biomarkers that have previously been used to monitor muscle damage, inflammation, cardiovascular stress, oxidative stress, hydration status, and brain distress. Evidence is provided from a range of empirical studies suggesting that urine and saliva are both capable of identifying various stressors. Although additional research regarding the efficacy of using urine and/or saliva to indicate the severity of exercise-induced psychophysiological stress is required, it is likely that these non-invasive biomarkers will represent "the future" in sports and exercise medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.