ArticleJournal of nutritional science2016
Atlantic salmon require long-chain n-3 fatty acids for optimal growth throughout the seawater period.
Article in Journal of nutritional science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physiological Responses of European Seabass (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effect of Rearing Conditions on Growth, Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Atlantic Salmon (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Evaluating the adequacy of current dietary guidelines for seafood as a source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Growth, Health and Physiological Responses of Freshwater-Reared Atlantic Salmon (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- DHA-Rich Algae Feed Modulates Atlantic Salmon Health, Microbiota and Stress Response.Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- The Injection of Lipids Into Yolk Sac has Been Shown to Alter the Lipid Metabolism of Adult Nile Tilapia (Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on innate immune responses in Atlantic salmon cells infected with infectious salmon anemia virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Interactive effects of salinity and dietary lipid sources on growth, hepatic lipid metabolism, and transcriptomic profiles in spotted sea bass (Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Wild fish consumption can balance nutrient retention in farmed fish.Nature food · 2024Article
- Dietary Level of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA Influence the Flesh Pigmentation in Atlantic Salmon.Aquaculture nutrition · 2023Article
- The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream (Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification and quantification of lipids in wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Food science & nutrition · 2022Article
- Labelling fish diets withVeterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Low Omega-3 Levels in the Diet Disturbs Intestinal Barrier and Transporting Functions of Atlantic Salmon Freshwater and Seawater Smolts.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Microalgae Oil as an Effective Alternative Source of EPA and DHA for Gilthead Seabream (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Article
- Liver Transcriptome Profiling Reveals That Dietary DHA and EPA Levels Influence Suites of Genes Involved in Metabolism, Redox Homeostasis, and Immune Function in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
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- Transcriptome profiling of antiviral immune and dietary fatty acid dependent responses of Atlantic salmon macrophage-like cells.BMC genomics · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The nutritional requirement for n-3 long-chain PUFA in fast-growing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during grow out in the sea is not well documented. Diets were formulated with levels of EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) ranging from 1·3 to 7·4 % of fatty acids (4-24 g/kg feed). Two long-term trials were conducted through the seawater phase, the first at 6 and 12°C, and the second at 12°C. In the first trial, growth at both temperatures was significantly lower in fish fed 1·4 % EPA+DHA of total fatty acids compared with the 5·2 % EPA+DHA group. In the second trial, growth was significantly lower in fish fed 1·3 and 2·7 % compared with 4·4 and 7·4 % EPA + DHA. Fatty acid composition in the fish reflected diet composition, but only after a 7-fold increase in body weight did the fatty acid profile of the fish stabilise according to dietary fatty acids (shown for EPA and DHA). The retention efficiency of DHA increased with decreasing dietary levels, and was 120-190 and 120-200 % in trials 1 and 2, respectively. The retention efficiency of EPA was lower (60-200 %), and values >100 % were only achieved at the lowest dietary levels in both trials. Temperature did not affect fatty acid retention efficiency. These results suggest that Atlantic salmon have a specific requirement for EPA + DHA >2·7 % of fatty acids for optimal long-term growth in seawater, and that short-term growth trials with less weight increase would not show these effects.
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