Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27288218›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroscience methods2016

Enhancing Fluorogold-based neural tract tracing.

S E Mondello, S C Jefferson, W A O'Steen, D R Howland

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroscience methods, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

S E MondelloDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
S C JeffersonSensoMotoric Instruments, Inc., Boston, MA 02110, United States.
W A O'SteenKentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, United States.
D R HowlandKentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, United States. Electronic address: drhowl01@louisville.edu.
Louisville VA Medical Center · USUniversity of Louisville · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Spinal cord injury: CS proteoglycans and motor recoveryR01NS050699 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI HOWLAND, DENA R. · 2004 to 2008
$1.6M
Training Effects on Recovery of Balance and Limb Accuracy in Cats Post-SCII01RX000243 · VA · VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION · PI BEHRMAN, ANDREA L., HOWLAND, DENA R. · 2012 to 2014
–
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS050699RRD VA I01 RX000243
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFluorogold (FG) is used by many groups to retrogradely trace nervous system pathways. Fluorogold, while a robust tracer, also is neurotoxic and causes tissue damage at the injection site and leads to motor deficits. NEW

methodIn the current study, we describe a method for enhancing FG-uptake using Triton™ and an overall procedure for reducing FG-related tissue damage while still allowing effective quantification.

resultsTriton™ decreases the amount of FG, as well as the time required for long-distance transport from the thoracic spinal cord to the motor cortex by >4 fold when this distance is >10in. Although small FG concentrations and injection volumes are ideal for minimizing associated tissue damage and motor deficits, they result in difficult-to-detect fluorescence. This can be solved using FG antiserum paired with an ABC chromogen reaction. This ABC chromogen reaction product can remain stable for at least 9 years. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): This study is the first to collectively address FG-induced tissue damage and describe methods for minimizing this damage.

conclusionsTriton™ enhances the uptake of FG in the nervous system, reduces the FG required, and allows for a substantial decrease in tracing time that limits FG-induced motor deficits. Small FG concentration and volume decreases tissue damage but also decreases FG fluorescent detection. Detection challenges are resolved using FG anti-serum and chromogen reactions.

Indexed as

NeptuneNeuroanatomical Tract-Tracing TechniquesNeuronal Tract-TracersStilbamidinesAnimalsBenzoxazinesCatsFemaleImmunohistochemistryMicroscopy, FluorescenceMotor CortexNecrosisSpinal CordSpinal Cord InjuriesTime Factors2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate saltBenzoxazinescresyl violetNeuronal Tract-TracersStilbamidinesDetergentFluorogoldImmunohistochemistryNeurotoxicRetrograde tracingTriton

Identifiers

PMID27288218
PMCPMC9665347
OpenAlexW2412645172

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.