ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2016
Natural STING Agonist as an "Ideal" Adjuvant for Cutaneous Vaccination.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of a nano-emulsion and evaluation of its intradermal adjuvant function of Swine Influenza H3N2 Vaccine.Virology journal · 2026Article
- cGAMP-Loaded M2e Nanovaccine Elicits Cross-Reactive Immunity and Mitigates H6N1 Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- AFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- STING agonist 2'3'-cGAMP as an effective adjuvant for HPV16 peptide vaccine enhances anti-tumor immunity in TC-1 mice models.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- A Cyclic-di-AMP Adjuvanted CPAF Protein Vaccine Is Immunogenic in Swine, but It Fails to Reduce GenitalVaccines · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated bivalent vaccine containing two recombinant H1N1 and H3N2 swine influenza virus strains.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Progress Update on STING Agonists as Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Multi-COBRA hemagglutinin formulated with cGAMP microparticles elicits protective immune responses against influenza viruses.mSphere · 2024Article
- Multi-COBRA hemagglutinin formulated with cGAMP microparticles elicit protective immune responses against influenza viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of alternative vaccination routes against paratuberculosis in goats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Arabinose- and xylose-modified analogs of 2',3'-cGAMP act as STING agonists.Cell chemical biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Microneedle-Mediated Immunization Promotes Lung CD8+ T-Cell Immunity.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2023Article
- Review
- STING Agonist-Derived LNP-mRNA Vaccine Enhances Protective Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2.Nano letters · 2023Article
- Potent Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 with Single-Domain Antibody Immunoliposomes Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and Lip/cGAMP Enhancing Protective Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- cGAMP the travelling messenger.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- How Long Will It Take to Launch an EffectiveInfection and drug resistance · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A potent adjuvant that induces strong protective immunity without incurring any significant skin reactogenicity is urgently needed for cutaneous vaccination. Here, we report that a natural agonist of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), 2'3'- cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), robustly augmented and prolonged the cellular and humoral immune responses provoked by H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccines after a single dose of intradermal, but not intramuscular, immunization. The potency of cGAMP for cutaneous vaccination was ascribed to a large number of antigen-presenting cells resident in the skin and ready for immediate activation when cGAMP was injected. However, its potency was severely compromised in the muscle, because antigen-presenting cells could not be promptly recruited to the injection site before the injected cGAMP was diffused out. The superior adjuvant effect and safety of cGAMP were also confirmed in a more clinically relevant swine model of skin. The vigorous immune responses elicited by cGAMP with no overt skin irritation was attributable to its stay in the skin, which was brief but sufficient to activate dermal dendritic cells. This small and well-characterized self-molecule holds great promise as an ideal adjuvant for cutaneous vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.