ReviewThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
Risk and Protective Factors for Childhood Asthma: What Is the Evidence?
Review in The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05633823 (The Effect of Mobile Application Game Training Designed for Children With Asthma on Asthma Management), which is not on this map. Cited by 126 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Mobile Application Game Training Designed for Children With Asthma on Asthma Management
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can assessment of small airway dysfunction support the diagnosis or management of asthma exacerbations in children? A systematic review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal asthma during pregnancy and risks of allergy and asthma in progeny: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of all types of beverages high in fructose with asthma in children and adolescents.BMC nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Is sibship composition a risk factor for childhood asthma? Systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Pooled it
- Consumption of milk and dairy products and risk of asthma in children: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Pooled it
- Obesity in young children and its relationship with diagnosis of asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency, specific allergies and flat-footedness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Pre-pregnancy Maternal Weight and Gestational Weight Gain Increase the Risk for Childhood Asthma and Wheeze: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Asthma and sleep disordered breathing in the pediatric adenotonsillectomy trial for snoring study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Trial
- Vitamin D Sufficiency Has a Limited Effect on Placental Structure and Pathology: Placental Phenotypes in the VDAART Trial.Endocrinology · 2020Trial
- Genetic variants associated with clinical characteristics and atopies in eosinophilic esophagitis.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Micronutrients in Pediatric Asthma: Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Breastfeeding Duration and Airway Inflammation in Children With Asthma Living in a Polluted Megacity.The clinical respiratory journal · 2026Observational
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Relationship between BMI-SDS trajectories and childhood asthma: a prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- The role of housing markets in producing respiratory health disparities.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- The Role of Environmental Exposures in Pediatric Asthma Pathogenesis: A Contemporary Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Asthma Incidence.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Review
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To summarize the principal findings on risk and protective factors for childhood asthma, we retrieved systematic reviews on these topics in children (aged 1 to 18 years), up to January 2016, through MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and CDSR. A total of 227 studies were searched from databases. Among those, 41 systematic reviews (SRs) were included: 9 focused on prenatal factors, 5 on perinatal factors, and 27 on postnatal factors. Of these 41 SRs, 83% had good methodological quality, as determined by the Assess Systematic Reviews tool. After reviewing all evidence, parental asthma, prenatal environmental tobacco smoke, and prematurity (particularly very preterm birth) are well-established risk factors for childhood asthma. Current findings do suggest mild-to-moderate causal effects of certain modifiable behaviors or exposures during pregnancy (maternal weight gain or obesity, maternal use of antibiotics or paracetamol, and maternal stress), the perinatal period (birth by Caesarean delivery), or postnatal life (severe respiratory syncytial virus infection, overweight or obesity, indoor exposure to mold or fungi, and outdoor air pollution) on childhood asthma, but this suggestive evidence must be confirmed in interventional studies or (if interventions are not feasible) well-designed prospective studies.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.