Trial reportWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2016
Effect of gluten free diet on gastrointestinal and behavioral indices for children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential gut-brain axis-targeted therapies for autism spectrum disorder in children: opportunities and challenges.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits of a gluten-free diet and/or casein-free diet for children with autism spectrum disorder.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Diet Therapies in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of gluten- and casein-free diets on autism spectrum disorders in children.Saudi medical journal · 2020Pooled it
- AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ABOUT NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2020Pooled it
- Influence of a Combined Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 12-Month Follow-Up Clinical Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2020Trial
- Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blinded Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2020Trial
- Reviewing the Impact of Gluten-Free Diets on Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders.Cureus · 2026Review
- Effect of Nutritional Factors on Mental Health Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Synthesis of Current Evidence.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Disease Severity of Autistic Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2026Article
- The Pediatric Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Development and Intervention.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Scoping Review on the Role of the Microbiome as a Factor in the Bidirectional Association Between Obesity and Depression.Current diabetes reports · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal health and nutritional strategies in autism spectrum disorder.Journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Shared Immune and Nutrient Metabolism Pathways Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Celiac Disease: An In Silico Approach.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Nutritional Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorder: advances in dietary intervention strategies based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Childhood Obesity: The Role of Diet and Its Impact on Microbiota.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGenetic and environmental factors are both responsible for the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although epidemiological studies have been conducted to clarify the association between restriction diets and ASD, the conclusion remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of gluten free diet (GFD) on gastrointestinal symptoms and behavioral indices in children with ASD.
methodsIn this randomized clinical trial, 80 children diagnosed with ASD by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) were assigned into GFD (n=40) and regular diet (RD) (n=40) groups for 6 weeks. At the beginning and end of the intervention, the ROME Ш questionnaire for evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 2 questionnaire (GARS-2) for assessing psychometric properties were completed.
resultsOf the 80 children, 53.9% had gastrointestinal abnormalities. In the GFD group, the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms decreased significantly (P<0.05) after intake of GFD (40.57% vs. 17.10%) but increased insignificantly in the RD group (42.45% vs. 44.05%). GFD intervention resulted in a significant decrease in behavioral disorders (80.03±14.07 vs. 75.82±15.37, P<0.05) but an insignificant increase in the RD group (79.92±15.49 vs. 80.92±16.24).
conclusionThis study suggested that GFD may be effective in controlling gastrointestinal symptoms and ASD behaviors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.