ReviewAnesthesiology2016
Immune Modulation by Volatile Anesthetics.
Review in Anesthesiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03974984 (Anesthesia and Immunological and Oxidative Stress in Relation to Abdominal Cancer Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 144 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anesthesia and Immunological and Oxidative Stress in Relation to Abdominal Cancer Surgery
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Total Intravenous Versus Inhalational Anesthesia in High-Grade Glioma Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Inhaled Volatile and IV Anesthetics on Biological Markers of Inflammation in Adult ICU and Thoracic Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care explorations · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Anesthesia Delivered During Tumor Resection and Cancer Survival: a Systematic Review of a Mixed Picture with Constant Themes.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2021Pooled it
- Anesthetic technique and cancer outcomes: a meta-analysis of total intravenous versus volatile anesthesia.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2019Pooled it
- Awake Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Pooled it
- Comparison of inhalation and total intravenous anesthesia on inflammatory markers in microdiscectomy: a double-blind study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane anesthesia on regulatory T cells in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation: a randomized intervention trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2020Trial
- Comparison of Biochemical Recurrence After Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy with Volatile and Total Intravenous Anesthesia.International journal of medical sciences · 2020Trial
- The effect of anesthetic techniques on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Volatile anesthetic sedation in acute respiratory distress syndrome.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Inhalational versus total intravenous anesthesia in noncardiac surgery: a comparative review of clinical outcomes.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Review
- Sedation as an Immunomodulator of Inflammatory Responses in the Lung-Brain Axis of ARDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multiorgan transcriptomics and circulating extracellular vesicle profiling reveal age-dependent systemic vulnerability to isoflurane anesthesia and surgery.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Perioperative Management of a Patient with Good Syndrome and Pancytopenia Undergoing Sternotomy and Thymectomy.Annals of cardiac anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Receptor subtype-dependent effects of propofol on metalloproteinase activity, NKG2D ligand expression, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer: an in vitro study.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Review of the Effects of Anesthetic Techniques and Medications on the Immune Response During the Perioperative Period.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Perioperative management of septic peritonitis in small animals: A review.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2026Review
- Spatial Modulation of Immune Cell Distribution and Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines by Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) in a Preclinical Model of Ulcerative Colitis: A Descriptive Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Volatile general anesthetics continue to be an important part of clinical anesthesia worldwide. The impact of volatile anesthetics on the immune system has been investigated at both mechanistic and clinical levels, but previous studies have returned conflicting findings due to varied protocols, experimental environments, and subject species. While many of these studies have focused on the immunosuppressive effects of volatile anesthetics, compelling evidence also exists for immunoactivation. Depending on the clinical conditions, immunosuppression and activation due to volatile anesthetics can be either detrimental or beneficial. This review provides a balanced perspective on the anesthetic modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses as well as indirect effectors of immunity. Potential mechanisms of immunomodulation by volatile anesthetics are also discussed. A clearer understanding of these issues will pave the way for clinical guidelines that better account for the impact of volatile anesthetics on the immune system, with the ultimate goal of improving perioperative management.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.