ArticleOncotarget2016
TLR4/ROS/miRNA-21 pathway underlies lipopolysaccharide instructed primary tumor outgrowth in lung cancer patients.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical significance of miRNA‑1 and its potential target gene network in lung squamous cell carcinoma.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Pooled it
- Xinfeng capsule regulates pyroptosis and ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis through lncRNA GAS5 and TLR4/ROS/miR-21 pathways.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Host-microbiome interactions in breast cancer progression and treatment response.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Negative regulators antagonizing antitumor innate immune pathways in lung cancer immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Riding the Wave of Progress: Examining the Current Landscape and Future Potential of MicroRNAs in Cancer Gene Therapy.Current gene therapy · 2026Review
- The human microbiome in cancer: Not just a sidekick anymore.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Understanding the role of iron/heme metabolism in the anti‑inflammatory effects of natural sulfur molecules against lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammation.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- The crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and oxidative stress in cancer progression.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulation of TLRs: critical regulator of inflammation in tumor microenvironment.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Mitophagy bridges DNA sensing with metabolic adaption to expand lung cancer stem-like cells.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Natural Sulfurs Inhibit LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses through NF-κB Signaling in CCD-986Sk Skin Fibroblasts.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Morphine-3-glucuronide upregulates PD-L1 expressionCancer biology & medicine · 2021Article
- Emerging roles of microRNAs in the regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2021Article
- Deviations in MicroRNA-21 Expression Patterns Identify a Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Wound Healing.Journal of immunobiology · 2021Article
- The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- MicroRNA and ROS Crosstalk in Cardiac and Pulmonary Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Herbal melanin inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation by altering redox balance, inducing apoptosis, and modulating MAPK signaling.Cancer cell international · 2020Article
- Protopine Protects Mice against LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Inflammation via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Dose-dependent effects of chronic alcohol drinking on peripheral immune responses.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in human lung cancer with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances tumor progression. However, whether primary human lung cancer outgrowth could respond to LPS and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we determined that TLR4 activation with LPS promoted outgrowth of primary human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LPS stimulation increased expression levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in primary human lung cancer cells. Inhibition of miR-21 blocked the enhanced lung cancer growth induced by LPS in vitro and in vivo. Up-regulation of miR-21 promoted outgrowth of primary human lung cancer. Down-regulation of miR-21 limited primary human lung cancer outgrowth. Further, TLR4 activation in primary human lung cancer cells increased their ROS levels. Scavenge of ROS abrogated the up-regulation of miR-21 in primary human lung cancer cells and attenuated LPS-induced outgrowth. For in vivo relevance, expression of TLR4 was correlated with miR-21 expression and ROS production in freshly isolated, untreated primary human lung cancer cells. These findings demonstrate an essential role of TLR4/ROS/miR-21 pathway in LPS-induced outgrowth of primary human lung cancer. Our study connected a framework of innate signaling, oxidative stress and microRNA in tumor immunity and provided clues for developing new therapeutics for lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.