ArticleThe American journal of drug and alcohol abuse2016
Event-level analyses of sex-risk and injection-risk behaviors among nonmedical prescription opioid users.
Article in The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individual and poly-substance use and condomless sex among HIV-uninfected adults reporting heterosexual sex in a multi-site cohort.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Problem opioid use and HIV primary care engagement among hospitalized people who use drugs and/or alcohol.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2020Trial
- Effectiveness of an Embedded Infectious Disease Screening, Treatment, and Prevention Intervention Within an Inpatient Substance Use Treatment Program.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Factors associated with perceived ease of access to syringes in Appalachian North Carolina.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2023Article
- Substance Use Disorder Treatment Providers' Knowledge and Opinions Toward Testing and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in Rural North Carolina.Rural mental health · 2022Article
- Behavioral Risk Factors for HIV Infection in Hospitalized Persons Who Co-use Stimulants and Opioids.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Bacterial sexually transmitted infection testing and diagnoses among men who have sex with men and report prescription opioid misuse--American Men's Internet Survey, 2017-2018.Annals of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Emerging Viral and Bacterial Infections: Within an Era of Opioid Epidemic.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2020Review
- Detachable low dead space syringes for the prevention of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Bristol, UK: an economic evaluation.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Opioids and Infectious Diseases: A Converging Public Health Crisis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Opioid Misuse Among HIV-Positive Adults in Medical Care: Results From the Medical Monitoring Project, 2009-2014.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Condom Use, Multiple Rounds of Sex, and Alcohol Use Among South African Women Who Use Alcohol and Other Drugs: An Event-Level Analysis.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Article
- Usage of low dead space syringes and association with hepatitis C prevalence amongst people who inject drugs in the UK.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Observational
- Chronic Pain in HIV.Molecular painReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNonmedical prescription opioid use has been linked to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs and with using high dead space syringes that retain more blood and transfer more HIV if shared. Little is known regarding its effects on sex-risk behaviors.
objectivesThis paper examines event-level associations between nonmedical prescription opioid use and sharing high dead space syringes (injection risk) and unprotected intercourse (sex risk) behaviors.
methodsWe recruited 1,985 participants from two overlapping risk groups-drug users and men who have sex with men (MSM)-and their sex partners. Participants completed an interview that included event-level sex questions with recent sex partners and injection questions with recent injection partners. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess the associations between nonmedical prescription opioid use and unprotected intercourse during sexual encounters and sharing syringes during injection episodes, while adjusting for within-person correlations.
resultsWhen both partners used nonmedical prescription opioids, its use was independently associated with unprotected intercourse in sexual encounters (OR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.12, 4.49). The use of nonmedical prescription opioids was also associated with sharing high dead space syringes during injection episodes (OR = 6.57; 95% CI = 1.63, 26.51).
conclusionNonmedical prescription opioid use is associated with an increase in the risk of unprotected sex and sharing high dead space syringes. HIV and HCV prevention interventions for nonmedical prescription opioid users should address sex-risk behaviors and encourage the use of acceptable low dead space needles and syringes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.