ArticlePloS one2016
Infiltration of Macrophages Correlates with Severity of Allograft Rejection and Outcome in Human Kidney Transplantation.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial Intelligence in Kidney Transplant Pathology: Current Evidence, Limitations, and Relevance to the Banff Framework.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- A novel strategy to prolong heart allograft survival in a mouse model using soluble programmed death ligand-1 combined with tacrolimus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Macrophage-Mimicking Biomimetic Microbubbles for Early Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Acute Rejection in Heart Transplantation.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Podosomes and Mechanical Force.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- Renal allograft interstitial fibrosis: multicellular interactions and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Innate-immune crosstalk orchestrates T cell-mediated rejection in kidney transplants.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CCR2 and TLR3: noninvasive macrophage-associated biomarkers of acute renal transplant rejection.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Sensitization in Transplantation Assessment of Risk 2025 innate working group: The potential role of innate allorecognition in kidney allograft damage.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Review
- Review
- The effects of interleukin-21 in the biology of transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct role of monocytes/macrophages with highFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Human leukocyte antigen class I antibody-activated endothelium promotes CD206+ M2 macrophage polarization and MMP9 secretion through TLR4 signaling and P-selectin in a model of antibody-mediated rejection and allograft vasculopathy.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Molecular landscape of kidney allograft tissues data integration portal (NephroDIP): a curated database to improve integration of high-throughput kidney transplant datasets.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Complexity of the Immune Cell Landscape in Kidney Allograft Rejection.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- The Transplant Bellwether: Endothelial Cells in Antibody-Mediated Rejection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Review
- M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality?Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
- Multiple Shades of Gray-Macrophages in Acute Allograft Rejection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Modulation of macrophages by biophysical cues in health and beyond.Discovery immunology · 2023Review
- Local delivery of FK506 to a nerve allograft is comparable to systemic delivery at suppressing allogeneic graft rejection.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDespite substantial progress in recent years, graft survival beyond the first year still requires improvement. Since modern immunosuppression addresses mainly T-cell activation and proliferation, we studied macrophage infiltration into the allografts of 103 kidney transplant recipients during acute antibody and T-cell mediated rejection. Macrophage infiltration was correlated with both graft function and graft survival until month 36 after transplantation.
resultsMacrophage infiltration was significantly elevated in antibody-mediated and T-cell mediated rejection, but not in kidneys with established IFTA. Treatment of rejection with steroids was less successful in patients with more prominent macrophage infiltration into the allografts. Macrophage infiltration was accompanied by increased cell proliferation as well as antigen presentation. With regard to the compartmental distribution severity of T-cell-mediated rejection was correlated to the amount of CD68+ cells especially in the peritubular and perivascular compartment, whereas biopsies with ABMR showed mainly peritubular CD68 infiltration. Furthermore, severity of macrophage infiltration was a valid predictor of resulting creatinine values two weeks as well as two and three years after renal transplantation as illustrated by multivariate analysis. Additionally performed ROC curve analysis showed that magnitude of macrophage infiltration (below vs. above the median) was a valid predictor for the necessity to restart dialysis. Having additionally stratified biopsies in accordance to the magnitude of macrophage infiltration, differential CD68+ cell infiltration was reflected by striking differences in overall graft survival.
conclusionThe differences in acute allograft rejection have not only been reflected by different magnitudes of macrophage infiltration, but also by compartment-specific infiltration pattern and subsequent impact on resulting allograft function as well as need for dialysis initiation. There is a robust relationship between macrophage infiltration, accompanying antigen-presentation and resulting allograft function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.