ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2016
Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Risk of Parkinson Disease.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geospatial analysis of environmental atmospheric risk factors in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review update.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Association between ambient air pollution and multiple sclerosis: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Geospatial Analysis of Environmental Atmospheric Risk Factors in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of long-term particulate matter exposure on Parkinson's risk.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2020Pooled it
- Exposure to Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution as a Potential Contributor to Neurodegeneration and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Environmental hazards and climate change: Unmasking Parkinson's hidden enemies.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: A Danish Nationwide Administrative Cohort Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Air Pollution and Parkinson's Disease Pathology: Clinical Evidence and the Molecular Mechanisms Linking Airborne Toxicants to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Environmental Toxins.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Review
- Ozone-induced Neurotoxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- A PLAN to address the Parkinson pandemic.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Mixture effects of air pollutants on Parkinson's disease in adults ages 40+ in the United States from 2002 to 2016.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Exposure to ambient air pollution and onset of Parkinson's disease in a large cohort study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs): Diagnostic Potential and Analytical Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pathways to the Brain: Impact of Fine Particulate Matter Components on the Central Nervous System.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Binary Solvent Engineering Modulates the Microstructure of Stretchable Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Highly Sensitive NONanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Causal relationship between nitrogen dioxide and the risk of Parkinson's disease: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Prominent role of PM10 in the link between air pollution and incident Parkinson's Disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Association of Ambient Air Pollution and Temperature Exposure with Placental Abruption: A Nested Case-Control Study Based on Live Birth Registrations.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- The Effects of Air Pollution on Neurological Diseases: A Narrative Review on Causes and Mechanisms.Toxics · 2025Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew epidemiologic studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).
objectiveWe investigated the associations of long-term residential concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) < 10 μm in diameter (PM10) and < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to PD risk.
methodsOur nested case-control analysis included 1,556 self-reported physician-diagnosed PD cases identified between 1995 and 2006 and 3,313 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and race. We geocoded home addresses reported in 1995-1996 and estimated the average ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 using a national fine-scale geostatistical model incorporating roadway information and other geographic covariates. Air pollutant exposures were analyzed as both quintiles and continuous variables, adjusting for matching variables and potential confounders.
resultsWe observed no statistically significant overall association between PM or NO2 exposures and PD risk. However, in preplanned subgroup analyses, a higher risk of PD was associated with higher exposure to PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.45; p-trend = 0.02) among women, and with higher exposure to PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.76; p-trend = 0.04) among never smokers. In post hoc analyses among female never smokers, both PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.17; p-trend = 0.05) and PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.26; p-trend = 0.01) showed positive associations with PD risk. Analyses based on continuous exposure variables generally showed similar but nonsignificant associations.
conclusionsOverall, we found limited evidence for an association between exposures to ambient PM10, PM2.5, or NO2 and PD risk. The suggestive evidence that exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 may increase PD risk among female never smokers warrants further investigation. Citation: Liu R, Young MT, Chen JC, Kaufman JD, Chen H. 2016. Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of Parkinson disease. Environ Health Perspect 124:1759-1765; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP135.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.