SynthesisPloS one2016
Discordant Immune Response with Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenchymal stromal cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with discordant immune response: Early results of a phase I/II clinical trial.Stem cells translational medicine · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Immune reconstitution and long-term survival outcomes in LTHIs and TPs living with long-term ART: a propensity score-matched cohort study in Xinjiang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Negative influence of age and low baseline CD4 on T helper cell recovery among HIV-infected individuals with fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil, lamivudine and dolutegravir.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The effect of amphetamine-type stimulants on immune response in HIV-infected individuals: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Genomic landscape of HIV-1 proviruses in ART-treated immunological non-responders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Challenges in the Vaccination of HIV-Infected Individuals.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Factors mediating and associated with immunological response in women living with HIV in Sweden: A nationwide register-based study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Altered KEGG pathways are associated with different immunologic responses to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected men who have sex with men.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Plasma anti-CD4 IgG levels are associated with poor immune recovery in people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Spatial and temporal analysis of HIV clinical outcomes in Florida reveals counties with persistent racial and ethnic disparities during 2012-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Clinical outcomes and risk factors for immune recovery and all-cause mortality in Latin Americans living with HIV with virological success: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- PSGL-1, a Strategic Biomarker for Pathological Conditions in HIV Infection: A Hypothesis Review.Viruses · 2023Review
- Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-COV-2 after vaccination with mRNA vaccines in PLWH with discordant immune response. Influence of the vaccine administered.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Immune-Related Gene Profile in HIV-Infected Patients with Discordant Immune ResponseIranian biomedical journal · 2022Article
- Clinical effects of durability of immunosuppression in virologically suppressed ART-initiating persons with HIV in Latin America. A retrospective cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Immunological Nonresponders Have Colon-Restricted Gut Mucosal Immune Dysfunction.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Immunovirological discordance among female sex workers who start antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Clinical factors and outcomes associated with immune non-response among virally suppressed adults with HIV from Africa and the United States.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA discordant immune response (DIR) is a failure to satisfactorily increase CD4 counts on ART despite successful virological control. Literature on the clinical effects of DIR has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to summarise the risk of mortality, AIDS and serious non-AIDS events associated with DIR with a systematic review.
methodsThe protocol is registered with the Centre for Review Dissemination, University of York (registration number CRD42014010821). Included studies investigated the effect of DIR on mortality, AIDS, or serious non-AIDS events in cohort studies or cohorts contained in arms of randomised controlled trials for adults aged 16 years or older. DIR was classified as a suboptimal CD4 count (as defined by the study) despite virological suppression following at least 6 months of ART. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to December 2015. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in cohort studies. Two authors applied inclusion criteria and one author extracted data. Risk ratios were calculated for each clinical outcome reported.
resultsOf 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 14 different definitions of DIR were used. Risk ratios for mortality in patients with and without DIR ranged between 1.00 (95% CI 0.26 to 3.92) and 4.29 (95% CI 1.96 to 9.38) with the majority of studies reporting a 2 to 3 fold increase in risk.
conclusionsDIR is associated with a marked increase in mortality in most studies but definitions vary widely. We propose a standardised definition to aid the development of management options for DIR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.