Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27282953›Full record

ArticleNature communications2016

Internal guide RNA interactions interfere with Cas9-mediated cleavage.

Summer B Thyme, Laila Akhmetova, Tessa G Montague, Eivind Valen, Alexander F Schier

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed
8.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. EditingBiomolecules · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. A guide RNA repeat checkpoint steers CRISPR-Cas9 catalysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Modulation of CRISPR-Cas9 Cleavage with an Oligo-Ribonucleoprotein Design.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Summer B ThymeDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, BIOL 1020, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3593-4148
Laila AkhmetovaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, BIOL 1020, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Tessa G MontagueDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, BIOL 1020, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Eivind ValenComputational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
Alexander F SchierDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Harvard University · USBroad Institute · USUniversity of Bergen · NO

Funding

GENETIC MECHANISMS OF AXIS FORMATION IN VERTEBRATESR01GM056211 · NIGMS · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI SCHIER, ALEXANDER F · 1997 to 2015
$5.1M
Genetics of Sleep in ZebrafishR01HL109525 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI SCHIER, ALEXANDER F · 2011 to 2015
$2.1M
Histone Modifications During EmbryogenesisR21HD072733 · NICHD · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI SCHIER, ALEXANDER F · 2012 to 2013
$441k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109525NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD072733NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM056211
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The CRISPR/Cas system uses guide RNAs (gRNAs) to direct sequence-specific DNA cleavage. Not every gRNA elicits cleavage and the mechanisms that govern gRNA activity have not been resolved. Low activity could result from either failure to form a functional Cas9-gRNA complex or inability to recognize targets in vivo. Here we show that both phenomena influence Cas9 activity by comparing mutagenesis rates in zebrafish embryos with in vitro cleavage assays. In vivo, our results suggest that genomic factors such as CTCF inhibit mutagenesis. Comparing near-identical gRNA sequences with different in vitro activities reveals that internal gRNA interactions reduce cleavage. Even though gRNAs containing these structures do not yield cleavage-competent complexes, they can compete with active gRNAs for binding to Cas9. These results reveal that both genomic context and internal gRNA interactions can interfere with Cas9-mediated cleavage and illuminate previously uncharacterized features of Cas9-gRNA complex formation.

Indexed as

AnimalsBase SequenceCRISPR-Associated ProteinsGenomeNucleic Acid ConformationRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsZebrafishCRISPR-Associated ProteinsRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems

Identifiers

PMID27282953
PMCPMC4906408
OpenAlexW2419239237

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.