ArticleEnvironmental research2016
Association of Bisphenol A exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a national sample of U.S. children.
Article in Environmental research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the interrelationships between chemical and non-chemical stressors and inherent characteristics in children with ADHD.Environmental research · 2020Pooled it
- Deciphering the neurotoxic effects of emerging pollutants: Bisphenols and phthalates as disruptors of brain function and mental health.iScience · 2026Review
- Chronic adulthood exposure to bisphenol A causes behavioral changes via suppressing dopamine transporter trafficking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Endocrine Disrupting Toxicity of Bisphenol A and Its Analogs: Implications in the Neuro-Immune Milieu.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Prenatal exposure to Bisphenol-A as a risk factor for infant neurodevelopment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Association Between Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Does Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure Cause Human Diseases?Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Linking Environmental Chemicals to Neuroinflammation and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- The association between bisphenol a exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Reviews on environmental health · 2024Review
- Hypothalamic vasopressin sex differentiation is observed by embryonic day 15 in mice and is disrupted by the xenoestrogen bisphenol A.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Conflict between Regulatory Agencies over the 20,000-Fold Lowering of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for Bisphenol A (BPA) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Early childhood exposure to environmental phenols and parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and trace elements in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the CHARGE study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Phenols and GABAFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Article
- The effects of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on brain volume of children and young mice.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetics and toxicity evaluation following oral exposure to bisphenol F.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Does Bisphenol A Confer Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders? What We Have Learned from Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies in Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Environmental pollution, a hidden culprit for health issues.Eco-Environment & Health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to changes in the dopamine system and development of an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) phenotype in animal models, with differing effects in males compared to females. We examined the association between urinary BPA concentrations and ADHD in a national sample of U.S. children, and whether this association differs by child sex.
methodsWe used data from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of the U.S. POPULATION: Participants were 8-15 years of age (N=460). Using a diagnostic interview to ascertain the presence of ADHD in the past year, multivariable logistic regression examined the link between concurrent urinary BPA concentrations and ADHD status.
resultsOf the 460 participants, 7.1% [95% CI: 4.4-11.3] met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for ADHD. Children who had BPA concentrations at or above the median of the sample had higher prevalence of meeting criteria for ADHD (11.2% [95% CI: 6.8-17.8]) than those with BPA concentrations below the median (2.9% [95% CI: 1.1-7.2]). Higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.68 [95% CI: 1.6-19.8] for BPA concentrations above vs. below the median). In sex-stratified analyses, these associations were stronger in boys (aOR=10.9 [95% CI: 1.4-86.0]) than in girls (aOR=2.8 [95% CI: 0.4-21.3]), although the BPA by sex interaction term was not significant (p=0.25).
conclusionWe found evidence that higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with ADHD in U.S. children; these associations were stronger in boys than in girls. Considering the widespread use of BPA and growing literature on neurobehavioral effects of BPA in children, further study is warranted to determine if reducing exposure to BPA may represent an important avenue for ADHD prevention.
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Registered trials
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