ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
Impact of Total Vending Machine Restrictions on US Young Adult Smoking.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of cigarette prices and age-of-sale policies on smoking prevalence among youth in 26 European Member States (2012-2023): a longitudinal ecological study using repeated cross-sectional data.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Tobacco Policy and ENDS Policy Influences on Adolescent Vaping Across the U.S. States.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Further Consideration of the Impact of Tobacco Control Policies on Young Adult Smoking in Light of the Liberalization of Cannabis Policies.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Youth Access to Cigarettes Across Seven European Countries: A Mixed-Methods Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Visibility of tobacco products and advertisement at the point of sale: a systematic audit of retailers in Amsterdam.BMJ open · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIn an analysis of smoking using a longitudinal sample of US young adults, we extend research on tobacco vending machine restrictions beyond its prior focus on minors by examining the influence of total vending machine restrictions, which apply to adult-only facilities and represents the only remaining vending machine exemption since the enactment of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. We identify whether the passage of a restriction influences an individual's smoking on repeated observations, and if the propensity is lower among those who live in locations with a restriction.
methodsCombining a repository of US tobacco policies at all geographic levels with the nationally-representative geocoded National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 and Census data, we use multilevel logistic regression to examine the impact of total vending machine restrictions on any past 30-day smoking and past 30-day smoking of one pack per day among young adults (ages 19-31), while accounting for other tobacco control policy, community, and individual covariates.
resultsWe find that total vending machine restrictions decrease any recent smoking (OR = 0.451; p < .01), net of other covariates. Though the passage of a restriction does not alter an individual's smoking over time, living longer in an area that has a restriction lowers the propensity that an individual will smoke at all (OR = 0.442; p < .05). We find no effect of total vending machine restrictions on smoking a pack daily.
conclusionsTotal vending machine restrictions appear to be an effective, yet highly underutilized, means of tobacco control. IMPLICATIONS: Past scientific inquiries examining vending machine restrictions have focused upon minor access, adolescent perceptions of availability, and subsequent smoking. The potential for total vending machine restrictions, which extend to adult-only facilities, to influence patterns of smoking among those of legal age, remains significant. Those who are subject to total vending machine restrictions for longer periods are less likely to have recently smoked, but individuals do not change their smoking behavior in response to the passage of a restriction. These restrictions do not affect heavy smokers. Such policies are an effective but underutilized policy mechanism to prevent smoking among young adults.
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