ArticleThe journal of trauma and acute care surgery2016
Sex differences in mortality following isolated traumatic brain injury among older adults.
Article in The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association Between Sex and Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurocritical care · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Sex and Gender Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury: Equity in Clinical and Functional Outcomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Sex and gender bias in major trauma care: a scoping review.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Sex-stratified patterns in geriatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury and intracranial bleeding: a retrospective cohort study.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions.Biology · 2023Review
- The effect of age and sex on outcomes following isolated moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- The mortality trends of falls among the elderly adults in the mainland of China, 2013-2020: A population-based study through the National Disease Surveillance Points system.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Age- and sex-specific predictors of inpatient rehabilitation facility discharge destination for adult patients with traumatic brain injury.Brain injury · 2021Article
- Sex and age differences in isolated traumatic brain injury: a retrospective observational study.BMC neurology · 2021Observational
- Sex, Genes, and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Call for a Gender Inclusive Approach to the Study of TBI in the Lab.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Changes in Mortality Related to Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Seychelles from 1989 to 2018.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Trends in Fatal and Nonfatal Injuries Among Older Americans, 2004-2017.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Sex Differences in In-hospital Complications Among Older Adults After Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of surgical research · 2019Article
- Sex Differences in Acute Neuroinflammation after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Are Mediated by Infiltrating Myeloid Cells.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Article
- Epidemiology and Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Elderly Population : A Multicenter Analysis Using Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System 2010-2014.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2019Article
- Changing Demographic Profiles of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: An Aging Concern.Frontiers in surgery · 2019Article
- Sex differences in traumatic brain injury: a multi-dimensional exploration in genes, hormones, cells, individuals, and society.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2019Review
- Nociceptive and Cognitive Changes in a Murine Model of Polytrauma.The journal of pain · 2018Article
- Endogenous Sex Steroids Dampen Neuroinflammation and Improve Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlder adults have the highest rates of hospitalization and mortality from traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet outcomes in this population are not well studied. In particular, contradictory reports on the protective effect of female sex on mortality following TBI may have been related to age differences in TBI and other injury severity and mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine if there are sex differences in mortality following isolated TBI among older adults and compare with findings using all TBI. A secondary objective was to characterize TBI severity and mechanism by sex in this population.
methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted among adults aged 65 and older treated for TBI at a single large Level I trauma center from 1996 to 2012 (n = 4,854). Individuals treated for TBI were identified using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Isolated TBI was defined as an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 0 for other body regions. Our primary outcome was mortality at discharge.
resultsAmong those with isolated TBI (n = 1,320), women (45% of sample) were older (mean [SD], 78.9 [7.7] years) than men (76.8 [7.5] years) (p < 0.001). Women were more likely to have been injured in a fall (91% vs. 84%; p < 0.001). Adjusting for multiple injury severity measures, female sex was not significantly associated with decreased odds of mortality following isolated TBI (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.54). Using all TBI cases, adjusted analysis found that female sex was significantly associated with decreased odd of mortality (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.89).
conclusionWe found no sex differences in mortality following isolated TBI among older adults, in contrast with other studies and our own analyses using all TBI cases. Researchers should consider isolated TBI in outcome studies to prevent residual confounding by severity of other injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level IV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.