ArticlePloS one2016
Emergency Preparedness and Role Clarity among Rescue Workers during the Terror Attacks in Norway July 22, 2011.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental health after a critical incident: the role of parental status and prior training in firefighters.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A case-specific psychological first aid AI recommendations app for rescue and first responders.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Criminal justice interventions for preventing radicalisation, violent extremism and terrorism: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Article
- Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Health Care Personnel in Norwegian ICUs during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Prospective, Observational Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Healthcare professionals in COVID-19-intensive care units in Norway: preparedness and working conditions: a cohort study.BMJ open · 2021Observational
- Exploring Barriers and Facilitators of Inter-Organizational Management in Response to Mass Casualty Traffic Incidents: A Qualitative Study.Bulletin of emergency and trauma · 2021Article
- The importance of pre-training gap analyses and the identification of competencies and skill requirements of medical personnel for mass casualty incidents and disaster training.BMC public health · 2021Article
- A 36-Hour Unplugged Full-Scale Exercise: Closing the Gaps in Interagency Collaboration between the Disaster Medical Assistance Team and Urban Search and Rescue Team in Disaster Preparedness in Taiwan.Emergency medicine international · 2021Article
- Disaster preparedness should represent an augmentation of the everyday trauma system, but are we prepared?Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2021Article
- Police programmes that seek to increase community connectedness for reducing violent extremism behaviour, attitudes and beliefs.Campbell systematic reviews · 2020Review
- Sex and Gender in Research on Healthcare Workers in Conflict Settings: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Survey of awareness of radiation disasters among firefighters in a Japanese prefecture without nuclear power plants.PloS one · 2020Article
- Training to improve resilience and coping to monitor PTSD in rescue workers.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2019Observational
- Trauma in the newsroom: social support, post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth among journalists working with terror.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2019Article
- Self reported involvement in emergency medicine among GPs in Norway.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies address preparedness and role clarity in rescue workers after a disaster. On July 22, 2011, Norway was struck by two terror attacks; 77 people were killed and many injured. Healthcare providers, police officers and firefighters worked under demanding conditions. The aims of this study were to examine the level of preparedness, exposure and role clarity. In addition, the relationship between demographic variables, preparedness and exposure and a) role clarity during the rescue operations and; b) achieved mastering for future disaster operations.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, healthcare providers (n = 859), police officers (n = 252) and firefighters (n = 102) returned a questionnaire approximately 10 months after the terror attacks.
resultsThe rescue personnel were trained and experienced, and the majority knew their professional role (healthcare providers M = 4.1 vs. police officers: M = 3.9 vs. firefighters: M = 4.2, p < .001, [scale 1-5]). The police officers reported significantly more lack of control (p < .001). In the multivariable analysis, being female (OR 1.4, p < .05), having more years of work experience (OR 2.3, p = < .001), previous training (OR 1.6, p < .05) and the experience of an event with > 5 fatalities (OR 1.6, p < .05) were all associated with role clarity, together with a feeling of control, not being obstructed in work and perceiving the rescue work as a success. Moreover, independent predictors of being more prepared for future operations were arousal during the operation (OR 2.0, p < .001) and perceiving the rescue work as a success (OR 1.5, p < .001).
conclusionMost of the rescue workers were experienced and knew their professional role. Training and everyday-work-experience must be a focal point when preparing rescue workers for disaster.
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