ArticleCMAJ open
Sex differences in the outcomes of peripheral arterial disease: a population-based cohort study.
Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute and Subacute Blocked Arteries and Veins in the Lower Limbs: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2023Pooled it
- Are vascular grafts at risk of occlusion after total hip replacement? A systematic review of the literature.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring the link between diabetes duration and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Colchicine for cardiovascular and limb risk reduction in Medicare beneficiaries with peripheral artery disease: emulation of target trials.European heart journal open · 2024Article
- The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease.US cardiology · 2024Review
- Predictors for the Development of Major Adverse Limb Events after Percutaneous Revascularization-Gender-Related Characteristics.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Sex as a Key Determinant of Peripheral Artery Disease: Epidemiology, Differential Outcomes, and Proposed Biological Mechanisms.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2022Review
- Sex-Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Risk, Risk Factors and Risk Management in the Peripheral Arterial Disease Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Sex Differences in Peripheral Artery Disease.Circulation research · 2022Review
- Sex Differences in Trends and In-Hospital Outcomes Among Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia: A Nationwide Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Peripheral Vascular Disease in Women: Therapeutic Options in 2019.Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine · 2019Review
- Sex differences in health services and medication use among older adults with asthma.ERJ open research · 2019Article
- Sex Differences in Outcomes Following Endovascular Treatment for Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease: An Analysis From the K- VIS ELLA Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Observational
- Gender variation in symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease among type-2 diabetic patients.SAGE open medicine · 2019Article
- Peripheral artery disease among Indigenous Canadians: What do we know?Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie · 2018Review
- Peripheral Arterial Disease in Women: an Overview of Risk Factor Profile, Clinical Features, and Outcomes.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2018Review
- Non-Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease in Women.Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe role of sex in the outcomes of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been poorly studied. We sought to investigate differences in the long-term adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes between men and women with PAD.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study with up to 7 years of follow-up using linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. Patients aged 40 years or older who visited a vascular surgeon between Apr. 1, 2004, and Mar. 31, 2007 (index date), and carried a diagnosis of PAD comprised the study cohort. The primary outcome was a composite of death or hospital admission for stroke or myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included lower limb amputation or revascularization. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to compute unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and HRs adjusted for baseline covariates.
resultsA total of 6915 patients were studied, of whom 2461 (35.6%) were women. No significant differences in the risk of the primary outcome were observed between men and women (adjusted HR 0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-1.05]). Women were less likely than men to undergo minor amputation (adjusted HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.62-0.85]) and arterial bypass surgery (adjusted HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.71-0.94]) but were more likely to be admitted to hospital for acute myocardial infarction (adjusted HR 1.15 [95% CI 1.00-1.31]). There were no sex differences in the rates of major amputation or transluminal percutaneous angioplasty.
interpretationWe identified no significant differences in the composite risk of major adverse cardiovascular events between women and men with PAD, although our findings suggest men may be at increased risk for adverse limb events compared with women. Cardiovascular health campaigns should focus on both women and men to promote early diagnosis and management of PAD.
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Registered trials
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