ArticlePediatrics2016
Comparison of Clinical, Maternal, and Self Pubertal Assessments: Implications for Health Studies.
Article in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Leptin Levels in Children and Adolescents with Normal Weight and Overweight/Obesity Across Pubertal Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Steroids, stress, and body mass index interact to accelerate female pubertal development.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- How changes in pubertal status and chronological age shape individual depressive symptoms by sex: testing a pathoplasty model.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Pubertal onset in children with in-utero HIV/antiretroviral exposure in Botswana.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Temporal relation between pubertal development and peer victimization in a prospective sample of US adolescents.Aggressive behavior · 2024Article
- Mothers' prenatal distress accelerates adrenal pubertal development in daughters.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Childhood physical activity and pubertal timing: findings from the LEGACY girls study.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Urinary Androgens Provide Additional Evidence Related to Metabolism and Are Correlated With Serum Androgens in Girls.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Puberty Assessment and Consideration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth.Pediatric annals · 2023Article
- Immigrant generation status and its association with pubertal timing and tempo among Hispanic girls and boys.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023Article
- Infant effortful control predicts BMI trajectories from infancy to adolescence.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: PFAS and Pubertal Timing in Girls-A Maturing Literature.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Maternal and prenatal factors and age at thelarche in the LEGACY Girls Study cohort: implications for breast cancer risk.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- BrainAGE as a measure of maturation during early adolescence.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Body mass index rebound and pubertal timing in girls with and without a family history of breast cancer: the LEGACY girls study.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Comparing adolescent self staging of pubertal development with hormone biomarkers.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2021Article
- Prospective associations of mid-childhood plasma per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and pubertal timing.Environment international · 2021Article
- Common Childhood Viruses and Pubertal Timing: The LEGACY Girls Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Prepubertal Internalizing Symptoms and Timing of Puberty Onset in Girls.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Onset of Puberty: Mother Knows Best.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMost epidemiologic studies of puberty have only 1 source of pubertal development information (maternal, self or clinical). Interpretation of results across studies requires data on reliability and validity across sources.
methodsThe LEGACY Girls Study, a 5-site prospective study of girls aged 6 to 13 years (n = 1040) collected information on breast and pubic hair development from mothers (for all daughters) and daughters (if ≥10 years) according to Tanner stage (T1-5) drawings. At 2 LEGACY sites, girls (n = 282) were also examined in the clinic by trained professionals. We assessed agreement (κ) and validity (sensitivity and specificity) with the clinical assessment (gold standard) for both the mothers' and daughters' assessment in the subcohort of 282. In the entire cohort, we examined the agreement between mothers and daughters.
resultsCompared with clinical assessment, sensitivity of maternal assessment for breast development was 77.2 and specificity was 94.3. In girls aged ≥11 years, self-assessment had higher sensitivity and specificity than maternal report. Specificity for both mothers and self, but not sensitivity, was significantly lower for overweight girls. In the overall cohort, maternal and daughter agreement for breast development and pubic hair development (T2+ vs T1) were similar (0.66, [95% confidence interval 0.58-0.75] and 0.69 [95% confidence interval 0.61-0.77], respectively), but declined with age. Mothers were more likely to report a lower Tanner stage for both breast and pubic hair compared with self-assessments.
conclusionsThese differences in validity should be considered in studies measuring pubertal changes longitudinally when they do not have access to clinical assessments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.