ArticleJournal of experimental botany2016
The intergenic region of the maize defensin-like protein genes Def1 and Def2 functions as an embryo-specific asymmetric bidirectional promoter.
Article in Journal of experimental botany, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Structure to Function of Promoters and 5'UTRs in Maize.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Engineering bidirectional chloroplast promoters for tunable co-expression of multiple genes in microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii).Communications biology · 2026Article
- ZmICE1a regulates the defence-storage trade-off in maize endosperm.Nature plants · 2024Article
- Pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum is positively regulated by CaWRKY3 through modulation of different WRKY transcription factors.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- The RiceInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Harnessing tissue-specific genome editing in plants through CRISPR/Cas system: current state and future prospects.Planta · 2021Review
- Transcriptome analysis of early stages of sorghum grain mold disease reveals defense regulators and metabolic pathways associated with resistance.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- An update and perspectives on the use of promoters in plant genetic engineering.Journal of biosciences · 2020Review
- LncRNA ZBTB40-IT1 modulated by osteoporosis GWAS risk SNPs suppresses osteogenesis.Human genetics · 2019Article
- Plant Defenses Against Pests Driven by a Bidirectional Promoter.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Engineering of 'Purple Embryo Maize' with a multigene expression system derived from a bidirectional promoter and self-cleaving 2A peptides.Plant biotechnology journal · 2018Article
- Dissection of TALE-dependent gene activation reveals that they induce transcription cooperatively and in both orientations.PloS one · 2017Article
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9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bidirectional promoters are identified in diverse organisms with widely varied genome sizes, including bacteria, yeast, mammals, and plants. However, little research has been done on any individual endogenous bidirectional promoter from plants. Here, we describe a promoter positioned in the intergenic region of two defensin-like protein genes, Def1 and Def2 in maize (Zea mays). We examined the expression profiles of Def1 and Def2 in 14 maize tissues by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that this gene pair was expressed abundantly and specifically in seeds. When fused to either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes, P ZmBD1 , P ZmDef1 , and P ZmDef2 were active and reproduced the expression patterns of both Def1 and Def2 genes in transformed immature maize embryos, as well as in developing seeds of transgenic maize. Comparative analysis revealed that PZmBD1 shared most of the expression characteristics of the two polar promoters, but displayed more stringent embryo specificity, delayed expression initiation, and asymmetric promoter activity. Moreover, a truncated promoter study revealed that the core promoters only exhibit basic bidirectional activity, while interacting with necessary cis-elements, which leads to polarity and different strengths. The sophisticated interaction or counteraction between the core promoter and cis-elements may potentially regulate bidirectional promoters.
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