ArticleImmunology2016
Macrophages transfer antigens to dendritic cells by releasing exosomes containing dead-cell-associated antigens partially through a ceramide-dependent pathway to enhance CD4(+) T-cell responses.
Article in Immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
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- Novel perspectives on extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: immunogenicity, inflammation, and immune surveillance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- From mechanosensing to immune regulation: mechanisms of acupuncture signal initiation and amplification mediated by macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- High-dimensional phenotyping reveals novel macrophage-like and hybrid subsets within murine splenic conventional dendritic cells.PloS one · 2026Article
- Research progress of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of type IIIA chronic prostatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Biomimetic strategies of cell membrane vesicles driven by pathogen-host interactions: novel insights into antimicrobial immunotherapy and infection prevention.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles role in radio(nuclide)therapy.Journal of radiation research · 2024Review
- Challenging the conventional wisdom: Re-evaluating Smpd3's role in extracellular vesicle biogenesis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Glypican-3-targeted macrophages delivering drug-loaded exosomes offer efficient cytotherapy in mouse models of solid tumours.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Intrapulmonary T Cells Are Sufficient forInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exosomes as drug delivery systems in glioma immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Roles and application of exosomes in the development, diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Unlocking the Secrets of Extracellular Vesicles: Orchestrating Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics in Metastasis, Drug Resistance, and Immune Evasion.Journal of Cancer · 2024Review
- Exosomal delivery of cannabinoids against cancer.Cancer letters · 2023Review
- Exosomes: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Multiple Shades of Gray-Macrophages in Acute Allograft Rejection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Natural and synthetic nanovectors for cancer therapy.Nanotheranostics · 2023Review
- Recent applications of immunomodulatory biomaterials for disease immunotherapy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Defects in rapid clearance of apoptotic cells lead to an accumulation of dead cells (late apoptotic or secondary necrotic cells), which results in an aberrant immune response. However, little is known about whether and how macrophages (Mφs) cooperate with dendritic cells (DCs) in the presentation of dead-cell-associated antigens in this process. By transferring high numbers of dead cells to mimic a failure of apoptotic cell clearance in vivo, we found that Mφs and neutrophils were the predominant phagocytes in the uptake of dead cells in the spleen. Moreover, both Mφs and DCs were required for an optimal CD4(+) T-cell response triggered by dead-cell-associated antigens. Importantly, although Mφs alone had a poor capacity for antigen presentation, they could transfer phagocytosed antigens to DCs for potent antigen presentation to enhance T-cell responses. Finally, we found that exosomes released from Mφs acted as a transmitter to convey antigens to DCs partially in a ceramide-dependent manner, since treatment with the neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 and spiroepoxide resulted in a significant reduction of T-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These findings point to a novel pathway of cross-talk between Mφs and DCs, which will be helpful to explain possible mechanisms for autoimmune diseases characterized by increased rates of apoptosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.