ArticleOncology reports2016
Fluoxetine synergizes with temozolomide to induce the CHOP-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis pathway in glioma cells.
Article in Oncology reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Repurposed Drugs to Enhance Temozolomide Efficacy in Glioblastoma.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Fluoxetine Acts as a Calcium-Dependent Sensitizer of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Retrospective analysis of the impact of antidepressants with anti-acid sphingomyelinase activity on survival of patients with glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol when combined with temozolomide in adult rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Targeted Fluoxetine Delivery Using Folic Acid-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles for Selective Uptake by Glioblastoma Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- A New Adjuvant Treatment for Glioblastoma Using Aprepitant, Vortioxetine, Roflumilast and Olanzapine: The AVRO Regimen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- UBC4: A Repurposed Drug Regimen for Adjunctive Use During Bladder Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- TRB3 Promotes Cataract Progression through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Apoptosis.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Heat stress induces calcium dyshomeostasis to subsequent cognitive impairment through ERS-mediated apoptosis via SERCA/PERK/eIF2α pathway.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Beyond Psychotropic: Potential Repurposing of Fluoxetine toward Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Gliomas: Exploiting a Dual-Effect Dysfunction through Chemical Pharmaceutical Compounds and Natural Derivatives for Therapeutical Uses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Antidepressants as Autophagy Modulators for Cancer Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Potential antidepressant-like effects of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Cudraflavone B induces human glioblastoma cells apoptosis via ER stress-induced autophagy.BMC neuroscience · 2023Article
- Trehalose Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells Subjected to Heat Stress.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Drug Repurposing, a Fast-Track Approach to Develop Effective Treatments for Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- A systematic review of pharmacologic treatment efficacy for depression in older patients with cancer.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Review
- The Importance of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Novel Antidepressant Drug Target and Its Potential Impact on CNS Disorders.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Unconventional Protein Secretion in Brain Tumors Biology: Enlightening the Mechanisms for Tumor Survival and Progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although temozolomide (TMZ) is the most effective chemotherapy agent for glioma, chemotherapy resistance has limited its clinical use. Fluoxetine (FLT), which is widely used in cancer-related depression, has exhibited potent anticancer properties in different cancer cell types. The aim of this study was i) to evaluate the antitumor mechanism of FLT, and ii) to further evaluate the effects of a combination of FLT and TMZ on glioma cells. Glioma cell lines were exposed to FLT and/or TMZ. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay, respectively. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ERS) apoptosis-related proteins was measured using real-time PCR and western blotting. Synergism between the two drugs was evaluated by the combination index (CI) through CompuSyn software. FLT significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of various glioma cell lines, and rat glioma C6 cells had a highly sensitive response to the addition of FLT. FLT treatment increased the early apoptosis rate, induced typical apoptotic morphology in the C6 cells and activated caspase-3 with no change in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Further study showed that FLT activated the ERS marker, CHOP. This induction was associated with activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 and ATF6 cascade. Concomitantly, GADD34, a downstream molecule of CHOP, was also increased. Combined FLT and TMZ treatment showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect in the C6 glioma cells. Knockdown of CHOP expression abolished the synergistic effect of FLT and TMZ in the C6 cells, which suggests that FLT may sensitize glioma cells to TMZ through activation of the CHOP-dependent apoptosis pathway. These results revealed that FLT induced glioma cell apoptosis and sensitized glioma cells to TMZ through activation of the CHOP‑dependent apoptosis pathway. The present study provides a primary basis for using the combination of these drugs in patients with advanced glioma.
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