ArticleScientific reports2016
Pharmacological exploitation of the phenothiazine antipsychotics to develop novel antitumor agents-A drug repurposing strategy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity Study of Conjugates of N-Acyl Derivatives of 3,5-Bis(benzylidene)-4-piperidones and Phenothiazine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Novel 8-trifluoromethylquinobenzothiazines-Synthesis and Evaluation for Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phenothiazine Derivatives and Their Impact on the Apoptosis Processes: A Review.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Review
- A novel sulfonamide derivative suppresses gastrointestinal cancer progression by targeting Axin2 and β-catenin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Study of the Lipophilicity of Tetracyclic Anticancer Azaphenothiazines.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Laser-Induced Dimeric Photoproducts of Chlorpromazine: LC-MS Identification and Molecular Docking Evidence of Enhanced Anticancer Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Insomnia in Forensic Detainees: Is Salience Network the Common Pathway for Sleep, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Repurposing of the Antipsychotic Trifluoperazine Induces SLC7A11/GPX4- Mediated Ferroptosis of Oral Cancer via the ROS/Autophagy Pathway.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Methotrimeprazine is a neuroprotective antiviral in JEV infection via adaptive ER stress and autophagy.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Insight into the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Reviews in medical virology · 2023Review
- Experimental spectra, electronic properties (liquid and gaseous phases) and activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease of Fluphenazine dihydrochloride: DFT and MD simulations.Journal of molecular structure · 2022Article
- Anti-glioblastoma activity of monensin and its analogs in an organoid model of cancer.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Article
- Modulation of POPDC1 Expression by Phenothiazine and Trifluoperazine Suppress Colon Cancer Growth and Migration.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Drug Combinations: A New Strategy to Extend Drug Repurposing and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast and Colon Cancer Cells.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Review
- Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Potential of phenothiazines to synergistically block calmodulin and reactivate PP2A in cancer cells.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phenothiazines (PTZs) have been used for the antipsychotic drugs for centuries. However, some of these PTZs have been reported to exhibit antitumor effects by targeting various signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this study was aimed at exploiting trifluoperazine, one of PTZs, to develop potent antitumor agents. This effort culminated in A4 [10-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazine] which exhibited multi-fold higher apoptosis-inducing activity than the parent compound in oral cancer cells. Compared to trifluoperazine, A4 demonstrated similar regulation on the phosphorylation or expression of multiple molecular targets including Akt, p38, and ERK. In addition, A4 induced autophagy, as evidenced by increased expression of the autophagy biomarkers LC3B-II and Atg5, and autophagosomes formation. The antitumor activity of A4 also related to production of reactive oxygen species and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Importantly, the antitumor utility of A4 was extended in vivo as it, administrated at 10 and 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, suppressed the growth of Ca922 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, the ability of A4 to target diverse aspects of cancer cell growth suggests its value in oral cancer therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.