ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2016
Integrating neuroimmune systems in the neurobiology of depression.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 354 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
354 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 657 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene expression signatures of response to fluoxetine treatment: systematic review and meta-analyses.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Cross-ancestry genome-wide association study and systems-level integrative analyses implicate new risk genes and therapeutic targets for depression.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 risk, course and outcome in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Vortioxetine on Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Depression: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Measures of Connectivity and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volumes and Depressive Symptoms Following Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia: a novel perspective of depression pathogenesis.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- The monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) modifies the association between dietary patterns and depression: a sex-specific analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Reconciling the neurogenic hypothesis of depression with recent advances in adult hippocampal neurogenesis research in humans.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Chronic stress leading gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuroinflammation promoted depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- NeuronaleNeuro · 2026Article
- Ionic Homeostasis Failure in Major Depressive Disorder: Ion Channel Mechanisms, Excitation-Inhibition Imbalance, and Precision Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and depression: immune-brain interface mechanisms, biomarker stratification, and therapeutic strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Microglial Alkbh5 Deficiency Alleviates Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-like Behaviors in Mice.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Transcriptome-informed brain cartography of polygenic risk and association with brain structure in major psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychological stress during medical internship is associated with inflammatory signatures linked to mental health.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Adolescent ΔPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early-stage olfactory bulbectomy induces hyperlocomotion with increased astrocyte and microglial density in the prefrontal cortex of male rats.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Depression: From Biomarkers to Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Immunity in Rodent Models of Stress.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
294 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that immune dysregulation, specifically of inflammatory processes, is associated with symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). In particular, increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and concomitant activation of brain-resident microglia can lead to depressive behavioural symptoms. Repeated exposure to psychological stress has a profound impact on peripheral immune responses and perturbs the function of brain microglia, which may contribute to neurobiological changes underlying MDD. Here, we review these findings and discuss ongoing studies examining neuroimmune mechanisms that influence neuronal activity as well as synaptic plasticity. Interventions targeting immune-related cellular and molecular pathways may benefit subsets of MDD patients with immune dysregulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.