ReviewIntensive care medicine2016
Community-acquired pneumonia related to intracellular pathogens.
Review in Intensive care medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global molecular epidemiology ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of atypical pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Accuracy of a score predicting the presence of an atypical pathogen in hospitalized patients with moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Effect of montelukast combined with methylprednisolone for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Trial
- Trends and outcomes ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Upsurge of Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infections in 2024/2025 in Southern Germany.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Clinical characterization ofFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Long-Term Prognosis ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing reveals airway microbial dysbiosis and functional alterations inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Host inflammatory markers and MLVA profiling for risk assessment of severe pediatricFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- A case report of spherical pneumonia caused byFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical features and prognosis of severe legionnaires' disease requiring intensive care unit admission: a multicentric retrospective cohort study.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- A case of psittacosis chlamydia pneumonia in patients with anti-infection drugs analysis and pharmaceutical care.Medicine · 2025Article
- Curcumin alleviates LPS-induced WI-38 cell inflammation injury by regulating PTGS2 expression.Hereditas · 2025Article
- The virome composition of respiratory tract changes in school-aged children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Rapid detection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Macrolide resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of human psittacosis in Guangdong Province, China, 2019-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Nanosensor-Enabled Detection and Identification of Intracellular Bacterial Infections in Macrophages.Biosensors · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide; the annual incidence of CAP among adults in Europe has ranged from 1.5 to 1.7 per 1000 population. Intracellular bacteria are common causes of CAP. However, there is considerable variation in the reported incidence between countries and change over time. The intracellular pathogens that are well established as causes of pneumonia are Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Coxiella burnetii. Since it is known that antibiotic treatment for severe CAP is empiric and includes coverage of typical and atypical pathogens, microbiological diagnosis bears an important relationship to prognosis of pneumonia. Factors such as adequacy of initial antibiotic or early de-escalation of therapy are important variables associated with outcomes, especially in severe cases. Intracellular pathogens sometimes appear to cause more severe disease with respiratory failure and multisystem dysfunction associated with fatal outcomes. The clinical relevance of intracellular pathogens in severe CAP has not been specifically investigated. We review the prevalence, general characteristics, and outcomes of severe CAP cases caused by intracellular pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.