Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27276002›Full record

ArticleAcademic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges2016

Longitudinal Analysis of Gender Differences in Academic Productivity Among Medical Faculty Across 24 Medical Schools in the United States.

Anita Raj, Phyllis L Carr, Samantha E Kaplan, Norma Terrin, Janis L Breeze, Karen M Freund

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Anita RajA. Raj is professor of medicine and global public health and director, Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California. P.L. Carr is faculty member, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. S.E. Kaplan is assistant professor and assistant dean for diversity, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. N. Terrin is director, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. J.L. Breeze is epidemiologist, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. K.M. Freund is professor and vice chair of medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Phyllis L Carr
Samantha E Kaplan
Norma Terrin
Janis L Breeze
Karen M Freund

Funding

Longitudinal Follow-up to the National Faculty SurveyR01GM088470 · NIGMS · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI CARR, PHYLLIS, FREUND, KAREN · 2009 to 2012
$1.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM088470
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo examine gender differences in academic productivity, as indicated by publications and federal grant funding acquisition, among a longitudinal cohort of medical faculty from 24 U.S. medical schools, 1995 to 2012-2013.

methodData for this research were taken from the National Faculty Survey involving a survey with medical faculty recruited from medical schools in 1995, and followed up in 2012-2013. Data included surveys and publication and grant funding databases. Outcomes were number of publications, h-index, and principal investigator on a federal grant in the prior two years. Gender differences were assessed using negative binomial regression models for publication and h-index outcomes, and logistic regression for the grant funding outcome; analyses adjusted for race/ethnicity, rank, specialty area, and years since first academic appointment.

resultsData were available for 1,244 of the 1,275 (98%) subjects eligible for the follow-up study. Men were significantly more likely than women to be married/partnered, have children, and hold the rank of professor (P < .0001). Adjusted regression models documented that women had a lower rate of publication (relative number = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.63, 0.81; P < .0001) and h-index (relative number = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.90; P < .0001) relative to men, but there was no gender difference in grant funding.

conclusionsWomen faculty acquired federal funding at similar rates as male faculty, yet lagged behind in terms of publications and their impact. Medical academia must consider how to help address ongoing gender disparities in publication records.

Indexed as

EfficiencyFaculty, MedicalFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLogistic ModelsLongitudinal StudiesMalePublicationsSchools, MedicalSex FactorsSexismUnited States

Identifiers

PMID27276002
PMCPMC5411176

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.