ArticleIndian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine2016
Antimicrobial agents' utilization and cost pattern in an Intensive Care Unit of a Teaching Hospital in South India.
Article in Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Assessing antimicrobial utilization and costs, and correlating biological markers with adverse events in ICU patients: An effort towards antimicrobial stewardship.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Utilization and Resistance According to the WHO AWaRe Classification in Intensive Care Units After COVID-19 Third Wave in Pakistan: Findings and Implications.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
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- SOFA and APACHE II scoring systems for predicting outcome of neurological patients admitted in a tertiary hospital intensive care unit.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
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- Drug Utilization Review of Monitored Parenteral Antimicrobials in a Tertiary Care Private Hospital in Cebu City.Acta medica Philippina · 2024Article
- Assessment of antibiotic prescribing pattern and cost for hospitalized patients: A study from Palestine.PloS one · 2024Article
- Current Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Bacterial Pathogens among Adult and Pediatric Patients in the Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, India.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Surveillance of health-care associated infections in an intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in Central India.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2023Article
- Antibiotic utilization, sensitivity, and cost in the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal.SAGE open medicine · 2021Article
- Impact of an antibiotic stewardship programme in a surgical setting.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Approach to the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance: Are We Missing the Plot?Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2020Article
- Study of Antimicrobial Utilization and Cost of Therapy in Medicine Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance among Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2017Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsHigh utilization and inappropriate usage of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) increases resistant organisms, morbidity, mortality, and treatment cost. Prescription audit and active feedback are a proven method to check the irrational prescription. Measuring drug utilization in DDD/100 bed-days is proposed by the WHO to analyze and compare the utilization of drugs. Data of AMAs utilization are required for planning an antibiotic policy and for follow-up of intervention strategies. Hence, in this study, we proposed to evaluate the utilization pattern and cost analysis of AMA used in the ICU. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted for 1 year from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014, and the data were obtained from the ICU of a tertiary care hospital. The demographic data, disease data, relevant investigation, the utilization of different classes of AMAs (WHO-ATC classification) as well as individual drugs and their costs were recorded.
resultsOne thousand eight hundred and sixty-two prescriptions of AMAs were recorded during the study period with an average of 1.73 ± 0.04 prescriptions/patient. About 80.4% patients were prescribed AMAs during admission. Ceftriaxone (22.77%) was the most commonly prescribed AMA followed by piperacillin/tazobactam (15.79%), metronidazole (12%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6.44%), and azithromycin (4.34%). Ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, metronidazole, and linezolid were the five maximally utilized AMAs with 38.52, 19.22, 14.34, 8.76, and 8.16 DDD/100 bed-days respectively. An average cost of AMAs used per patient was 2213 Indian rupees (INR).
conclusionA high utilization of AMAs and a high cost of treatment were noticed which was comparable to other published data, though an increased use of newer AMAs such as linezolid, clindamycin, meropenem, colistin was noticed.
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