ReviewJournal of immunology research2016
Adjuvants: Classification, Modus Operandi, and Licensing.
Review in Journal of immunology research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic Overview of Solid Particles and Their Host Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Immunoinformatics-driven multi-epitope vaccine design as a promising strategy against multidrug-resistant pathogens: a comprehensive review.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Manganese Pyrophosphate Mineralized DNA Nanovaccine Elicits Potent Humoral and Cellular Immunity.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Honey Bee AMPs as a Novel Carrier Protein for the Development of a Subunit Vaccine: An Immunoinformatic Approach.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Article
- EngineeredMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Embracing cancer immunotherapy with manganese particles.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Review
- Enhancing breast Cancer immunotherapy using gold nanoparticles carrying tumor antigens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Harnessing adjuvant-induced epigenetic modulation for enhanced immunity in vaccines and cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adjuvant combination and antigen multimerization shape neutralizing antibody and T cell responses to a SARS-CoV-2 RBD subunit vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A Ferritin-Based Eg95 Nanoparticle Vaccine Adjuvanted with pCpG Eliciting Robust Immune Responses Against Cystic Echinococcosis in Mice Model.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Gut-microbiota-brain Axis and post-traumatic epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Coley's Toxin to First Approved Therapeutic Vaccine-A Brief Historical Account in the Progression of Immunobiology-Based Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Advances of computational methods enhance the development of multi-epitope vaccines.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Review
- The Role of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Narcolepsy Type 1: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Next-generation aluminum adjuvants: Immunomodulatory layered double hydroxide NanoAlum reengineered from first-line drugs.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Chemokine CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling in neuroinflammation and pathogenesis of chronic pain and neurological diseases.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Adjuvanted Modified Bacterial Antigens for Single-Dose Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases. Although safer, subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic and for this reason the use of adjuvants is strongly recommended. Since their discovery in the beginning of the 20th century, adjuvants have been used to improve immune responses that ultimately lead to protection against disease. The choice of the adjuvant is of utmost importance as it can stimulate protective immunity. Their mechanisms of action have now been revealed. Our increasing understanding of the immune system, and of correlates of protection, is helping in the development of new vaccine formulations for global infections. Nevertheless, few adjuvants are licensed for human vaccines and several formulations are now being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly describe the most well known adjuvants used in experimental and clinical settings based on their main mechanisms of action and also highlight the requirements for licensing new vaccine formulations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.